Short communicationKnockout of spinophilin, an endogenous antagonist of arrestin-dependent α2-adrenoceptor functions, enhances receptor-mediated antinociception yet does not eliminate sex-related differences
Section snippets
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by NIH grants SC1NS063951, U54 NS41071 and RR03032, and a scientist development grant from American Heart Association to Dr. Qin Wang. We thank Dr. Paul Greengard for providing the breeding pairs of Sp−/− and Sp+/+ mice.
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