Synthesis, stability, and implications of phosphothioate agonists of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors

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Abstract

Phosphothioates may provide metabolic stability when compared to their phosphate counterparts, while retaining the potency and efficacy as agonists at sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) G-protein coupled receptors. Unlike their phosphate precursors, phosphothioate compounds with S1P-receptor profiles similar to that of FTY720, an emerging immunomodulator, were shown to evoke prolonged lymphopenia in vivo. Analysis of mouse plasma concentrations for a series of related alcohol/phosphate/phosphothioate compounds showed the conversion of the phosphate to alcohol. These preliminary data highlight the importance of metabolic regulation of S1P receptor ligands.

Graphical abstract

The synthesis and biological activity of phosphothioates, as subtype selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonists, are described. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist 12 is degraded to its alcohol in vivo. Compared to their phosphate precursors, phosphothioate compounds 7 and 13 were shown to induce lymphopenia for protracted intervals in vivo.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the NIH [NIGMS R01 GM067958 (to K.R.L.) and NIGMS F31 GM064101 (to M.D.D.)].

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