Reviews and feature articleInnate immune responses of airway epithelium to house dust mite are mediated through β-glucan–dependent pathways
Section snippets
Reagents and antibodies
HDM, Der p 1, and ragweed were purchased from Greer (Lenoir, NC); protease inhibitor cocktail (1 complete Mini tablet dissolved in 25 mL of media) was purchased from Roche (Indianapolis, Ind); laminarin, ovalbumin (OVA), chitin, zymosan, curdlan, β-glucanase, and piceatannol were purchased from Sigma (St Louis Mo); cycloheximide was purchased from Calbiochem (San Diego, Calif); and LPS was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, Calif). Cockroach antigen was a gift from Dr Kristen Page
CCL20 and HDM
CCL20 is crucial for the initial recruitment of immature DCs to the lung during allergic airway responses and has been found to be upregulated by a variety of inflammatory cytokines.26, 27, 28, 29 To determine whether HDM initiates allergic airway responses at the mucosal surface, we examined the ability of HDM to induce CCL20 secretion from human respiratory epithelial cells. Specifically, we treated nearly confluent 16HBE14o- cells that were serum starved overnight with increasing
Discussion
In this study we describe a novel pattern-recognition pathway wherein the allergen HDM binds a non-Toll PRR to initiate innate immune responses. Our data show that stimulation of respiratory epithelium by HDM induces rapid secretion of CCL20, a chemokine central to recruitment of immature DCs to the lung. The effect is specific to HDM because other aeroallergens, such as ragweed and cockroach, fail to elicit this response, and the response is dependent on β-glucan structures in the HDM extract.
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M.W.-K. received grant support from the National Institutes of Health (P01 HL076383 and R01 H667737).
Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.