Positive immunoreactivity for vesicular monoamine transporter 2 in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in substantia nigra
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 80218510, N.H.).
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Alpha-synuclein modulates dopamine neurotransmission
2017, Journal of Chemical NeuroanatomyCitation Excerpt :Following its synthesis, dopamine is stored in the synaptic vesicles via vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), a function that is thought to reduce the harmful oxidative properties of dopamine metabolites (Liu et al., 1994). The disruption of dopamine sequestration into the synaptic vesicles is thought to be one of the early events in degeneration of dopamine neurons (Miller et al., 1999; Gonzalez-Hernandez et al., 2004; Yamamoto et al., 2006; Henry et al., 1994). Disruption in the expression or activity of VMAT2 has shown to increase oxidative stress (Chen et al., 2008a).
Decreased vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) and dopamine transporter (DAT) function in knockout mice affects aging of dopaminergic systems
2014, NeuropharmacologyCitation Excerpt :In vitro and in vivo studies of cells with different expression of DAT and VMAT2 correlate with the relative vulnerabilities of these cell types in Parkinsonian-like neurodegeneration (Uhl, 1998; Uhl et al., 1994). Indeed, low VMAT2 gene expression and protein level have been found in the brains of Parkinson's disease patients (Harrington et al., 1996; Miller et al., 1999) and VMAT2 has been observed in Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra (Yamamoto et al., 2006). Region-specific differences in sensitivity to aging in VMAT2 +/− mice are consistent with evidence that age-related and neurodegenerative disorders often manifest damage to specific neuronal populations but less severe, more broadly distributed abnormalities in other cell groups.
From α-synuclein to synaptic dysfunctions: New insights into the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease
2012, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Interestingly, some of the α-synuclein-positive axonal swellings observed in the striatum were also immunopositive for the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), which mediates dopamine vesicular uptake, thus suggesting the occurrence of a collapse of synaptic vesicle transport at axonal level. Interestingly, VMAT2-immunoreactivity has been found to be present in LN in the substantia nigra of PD patients (Yamamoto et al., 2006), an observation which further support the hypothesis that pathological α-synuclein deposition likely underlie the onset of axonal/synaptic damage. Taken together, all these evidences support the idea that α-synuclein aggregation may be involved in the onset of the dopaminergic dysfunction.
Synuclein modulation of monoamine transporters
2011, FEBS LettersCitation Excerpt :Release of synthesized neurotransmitter by monoaminergic neurons in the brain requires packaging of DA, NE, or 5-HT into vesicles by the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). VMAT2 co-localizes with α-Syn in the Lewy bodies of PD [18], and overexpression of α-Syn can disrupt VMAT2 function in various contexts [1]. The influence of β-Syn and γ-Syn upon VMAT2 expression and activity are not known.