Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

Complete nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III

Nature volume 313, pages 277–284 (1985)Cite this article

Abstract

The complete nucleotide sequence of two human T-cell leukaemia type III (HTLV-III) proviral DNAs each have four long open reading frames, the first two corresponding to the gag and pol genes. The fourth open reading frame encodes two functional polypeptides, a large precursor of the major envelope glycoprotein and a smaller protein derived from the 3′-terminus long open reading frame analogous to the long open reading frame (lor) product of HTLV-I and -II.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Poiesz, B. J. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 7415–7419 (1980).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kalyanaraman, V. S., Sarngadaharan, M. G., Bunn, P. A., Minna, J. D. & Gallo, R. C. Nature 294, 271–273 (1981).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Robert-Guroff, M., Ruscetti, F. W., Posner, L. E., Poiesz, B. J. & Gallo, R. C. J. exp. Med. 154, 1957–1964 (1981).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Yoshida, M., Miyoshi, I. & Hinuma, Y. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 2031–2035 (1982).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Popovic, M. et al. Nature 300, 63–65 (1982).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Gallo, R. C. in Cancer Surveys (eds Franks, L. M., Wyke, J. & Weiss, R. A.) 113–159 (Oxford University Press, 1984).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kalyanaraman, V. S. et al. Science 218, 571–573 (1982).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Chen, I. S. Y., McLaughlin, J., Gasson, J. C., Clark, S. C. & Golde, D. Nature 305, 502–505 (1983).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Gelmann, E. P., Franchini, G., Manzari, V., Wong-Staal, F. & Gallo, R. C. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 993–997 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Popovic, M., Sarngadharan, M. G., Read, E. & Gallo, R. C. Science 224, 497–499 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Gallo, R. C. et al. Science 224, 500–502 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Schupbach, J. et al. Science 224, 503–505 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Sarngadharan, M., Popovic, M., Bruch, L., Schupbach, J. & Gallo, R. C. Science 224, 506–508 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Barre-Sinoussi, F. et al. Science 220, 868–871 (1983).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Gallo, R. C. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 4680–4683 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Popovic, M. et al. Science 219, 856–859 (1983).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Popovic, M., Lange-Watzin, G., Sarin, P. S., Mann, D. & Gallo, R. C. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 5402–5406 (1983).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Gallo, R. C. et al. Cancer Res. 43, 3892–3899 (1983).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Wong-Stall, F., et al. Nature 302, 626–628 (1983).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Klatzmann, D. et al. Science 225, 59–63 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Chen, I. S. Y., Quan, S. G. & Golde, D. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 7006–7009 (1983).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hoshino, H. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 6061–6065 (1983).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Nagy, K., Clapham, P., Cheingong-Popov, R. & Weiss, R. A. Int. J. Cancer 32, 321–328 (1983).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Clapham, P., Nagy, K. & Weiss, R. A. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 3082–3086 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Shaw, G. M. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 4544–4548 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Arya, S. K. et al. Science 225, 927–930 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hahn, B. et al. Nature 312, 166–169 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Shimotohno, K., Golde, D. W., Miwa, M., Sugimura, T. & Chen, I. S. Y. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 1079–1083 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Rho, H. M., Poeisz, B., Ruscetti, F. W. & Gallo, R. C. Virology 112, 355–360 (1981).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Yoshida, M., Miyoshi, I. & Hinuma, Y. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 2031–2035 (1982).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Rey, M. A. et al. Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 111, 116–133 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Seiki, M., Hattori, S., Hirayama, Y. & Yoshida, M. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 3618–3622 (1983).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sagata, N. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (in the press).

  34. Haseltine, W. A., Sodroski, J. G. & Patarca, R. Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immun. 115 (in the press).

  35. Haseltine, W. A. et al. Science 225, 419–421 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Shimotohno, K. et al. Proc natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 6657–6661 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Rice, N. R. et al. Virology 138, 82–93 (1984).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Sodroski, J., Rosen, C. & Haseltine, W. Science 225, 381–385 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Sodroski, J. et al. Science (in the press).

  40. Celander, D. & Haseltine, W. Nature 312, 159–162 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Safai, B. et al. Lancet i, 1438–1440 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Laurence, J. et al. New Engl. J. Med. 311, 1269–1273 (1984).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Gottlieb, M. S. et al. New Engl. J. Med. 305, 1425–1431 (1981).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Essex, M. et al. in Human T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma Virus (eds Gallo, R. C., Essex, M. & Gross, L.) 355–362 (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, 1984).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Miyoshi, I. et al. Nature 294, 770–771 (1981).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Yamamoto, N., Okada, M., Koyangi, Y., Kanagi, M. & Hinuma, Y. Science 217, 737–739 (1982).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Kinoshita, K. et al. in Adult T-Cell Leukemia Related Diseases (eds Hakaoka, M., Takatsuki, K. & Shimoyama, M.) 167–184 (Plenum, Tokyo, 1982).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Markham, P.D. et al. Int. J. Cancer 31, 413–420 (1983).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Groopman, J. E. et al. Science 226, 447–449 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Zagury, D. et al. Science 226, 449–451 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Ho, D. D. et al. Science 226, 451–453 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Gallo, R. C. & Wong-Staal, F. Blood 50, 545–557 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Shaw, G. M. et al. Science 226, 1165–1171 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Starcich, B. et al. Science (in the press).

  55. Sodroski, J. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 4617–4621 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Sagata, N., Yasunaga, T., Ogawa, Y., Tsuzuka-Kawamura, J. & Ikawa, Y. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 4751–4754 (1984).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. Weiss, R., Teich, N., Varmus, H. & Coffin, J. (eds) RNA Tumor Viruses (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, 1982).

  58. Kitchen, L. et al. Nature 312, 367–369 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Oroszlan, S. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 79, 1291–1294 (1984).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. Shinnick, T. M., Lerner, R. A. & Sutcliffe, J. G. Nature 293, 543–548 (1981).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Schwartz, D. E., Tizard, R. & Gilbert, W. Cell 32, 853–869 (1983).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Copeland, T. D., Oroszlan, S., Kalyanaraman, V. S., Sarngadaharan, M. G. & Gallo, R. C. FEBS Lett. 162, 390–395 (1983).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Bolognesi, D. P., Luftig, R. & Shaper, J. H. Virology 56, 549–564 (1973).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Smith, B. J. & Bailey, J. M. Nucleic Acids. Res. 7, 2055–2072 (1979).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Chiu, I-M., Tronick, S. R., Schlom, J. & Aaronson, S. A. Science 223, 364–370 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Patarca, R. & Haseltine, W. A. Nature 309, 728 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Levin, J. G., Hu, S. C., Rein, A., Messer, L. I. & Gerwin, B. I. J. Virol. 51, 470–478 (1984).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Von der Helm, K. & Duesberg, P. H. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 614–618 (1975).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Vogt, P., Wight, W. & Eisenman, R. Virology 98, 154–167 (1979).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Dittmar, K. J. & Moelling, J. K. J. Virol 28, 106–118 (1978).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Schiff, R. D. & Grandgenett, D. P. J. Virol. 28, 279–291 (1978).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Herr, W. J. Virol. 49, 471–478 (1984).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Sodroski, J. et al. Science 225, 378–381 (1984).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  74. Cianciolo, G. J., Kipnis, R. J. & Snyderman, R. Nature 311, 515 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Haseltine, W. A. & Patarca, R. Nature 309, 728 (1984).

    ADS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Lenz, J., Crowther, R., Straceski, A. & Haseltine, W. A. J. Virol. 42, 519–529 (1982).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Bahl, O. P. & Shah, R. H. in The Glycoconjugates Vol. 1 (eds Horowitz, M. I. & Pigman, W.) 385–422 (Academic, New York, 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  78. Pinter, A. & Fleissner, E. Virology 83, 417–422 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  79. Segrest, J. P. & Feldman, R. J. J. molec. Biol 87, 853–858 (1974).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Koch, W., Zimmerman, W., Oliff, A. & Friedrich, R. J. Virol. 49, 828–840 (1984).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  81. Wachsman, W., Shimotohno, K., Clark, S. C., Golde, D. W. & Chen, I. S. Y. Science 226, 177–179 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Franchini, V., Wong-Staal, F. & Gallo, R. C. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 81, 6207–6211 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Lee, T. H. et al. Science 226, 58–60 (1984).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. Slamon, D. J., Shimotohno, K., Cline, M. J., Golde, D. W. & Chen, I. S. Y. Science 226, 61–63 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Rosen, C., Sodroski, J., Kettman, R., Burney, A. & Haseltine, W. A. Science (in the press).

  86. Czernilofsky, A. P. et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 8, 2967–2984 (1980).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Essex, M. et al. Science 220, 859–862 (1983).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Essex, M. E. et al. Science 221, 1061–1064 (1983).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Dalgleish, A. et al. Nature 312, 763–766 (1984).

    ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Weiss, R. A. et al. in Retroviruses in Human Lymphoma/Leukemia (ed. Miwa, M.) (Japan Sci. Soc. Press, Tokyo, in the press).

  91. Maxam, A. M. & Gilbert, W. Meth. Enzym. 65, 499–560 (1980).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Sanger, F., Nickelen, S. & Coulson, A. R. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 5463–5467 (1977).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Mount, S. M. Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 459–472 (1982).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  94. Kyte, J. & Doolittle, R. F. J. molec. Biol. 157, 105–120 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  95. Hopp, T. P. & Woods, K. R. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 3824–3825 (1981).

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, 20205, USA

    Lee Ratner, Bruno Starcich, Steven F. Josephs, Robert C. Gallo & Flossie Wong-Staal

  2. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA

    William Haseltine & Roberto Patarca

  3. Central Research and Development Department, Experimental Station, E.I. duPont de Nemours, Wilmington, Delaware, 19898, USA

    Kenneth J. Livak, Ellen R. Doran, J. Antoni Rafalski, Erik A. Whitehorn, Kirk Baumeister, Lucinda Ivanoff, Stephen R. Petteway Jr & Mark L. Pearson

  4. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21701, USA

    James A. Lautenberger & Takis S. Papas

  5. Centocor, 244 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania, 19355, USA

    John Ghrayeb & Nancy T. Chang

Authors
  1. Lee Ratner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. William Haseltine
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Roberto Patarca
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kenneth J. Livak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Bruno Starcich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Steven F. Josephs
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ellen R. Doran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. J. Antoni Rafalski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Erik A. Whitehorn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Kirk Baumeister
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Lucinda Ivanoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Stephen R. Petteway Jr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Mark L. Pearson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. James A. Lautenberger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Takis S. Papas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. John Ghrayeb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. Nancy T. Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. Robert C. Gallo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  19. Flossie Wong-Staal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ratner, L., Haseltine, W., Patarca, R. et al. Complete nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III. Nature 313, 277–284 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1038/313277a0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/313277a0

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing