Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and its partner the retinoid X receptor (RXR) are two nuclear receptors that are expressed mainly in adipose tissue and which have a role in lipid metabolism and insulin sensitisation. New sites of PPARgamma/RXR expression have been described, especially in the intestinal tract, pancreas, and liver. Concomitantly, new functions have been attributed to this heterodimer in regulation of inflammation, by its inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and via stress-kinase pathways. These new sites and functions of PPARgamma/RXR have led to novel ideas about pathophysiology of different inflammatory digestive diseases and to development of innovative treatment strategies with PPARgamma activators.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Adipose Tissue / metabolism
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Animals
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Gastrointestinal Diseases / metabolism
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Gastrointestinal Diseases / physiopathology*
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Gastrointestinal Diseases / therapy
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Humans
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Inflammation / metabolism
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Liver Diseases / metabolism
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Liver Diseases / physiopathology*
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Liver Diseases / therapy
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NF-kappa B / antagonists & inhibitors
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Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / genetics
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Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / metabolism
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Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / physiology*
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid / genetics
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid / metabolism
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid / physiology*
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Retinoid X Receptors
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Transcription Factors / genetics
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Transcription Factors / physiology*
Substances
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NF-kappa B
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Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid
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Retinoid X Receptors
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Transcription Factors