The conditioned place preference technique was used to assess the affective properties of the direct dopamine D1 agonist, SKF38393, and the direct D2 agonist, LY171555 (quinpirole). A three compartment apparatus was used: the animals' pre-experimental preference for the two choice compartments was equal and, within each experimental group, half the rats received drug pairings in each choice compartment. Intraperitoneal injections of SKF38393 produced conditioned place aversions at all doses tested (1.0-4.0 mg/kg); LY171555 produced weak conditioned place preferences at 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg, but no reliable effect at 4.0 mg/kg. Bilateral intra-accumbens microinjections of SKF38393 produced strong preferences at all doses tested (0.5-2.0 micrograms/side); LY171555 produced strong preferences at two doses (0.5 and 1.0 micrograms/side) and no effect at a third dose (2.0 micrograms/side). These results suggest that activation of either D1 or D2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens can produce reward, and that D1 receptors (and possibly also D2 receptors) located elsewhere in the brain or in the periphery may mediate aversive effects.