Salmeterol/fluticasone propionate (Seretide, Advair, Viani) administered using a multidose dry powder inhaler (Diskus, Accuhaler) is approved for use in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in numerous countries.Salmeterol/fluticasone propionate administered twice daily via dry powder inhaler is effective and generally well tolerated in patients with COPD. Although not associated with a statistically significant reduction in mortality versus placebo in the TORCH study (p = 0.052), salmeterol/fluticasone propionate reduced the rate of decline in lung function over the 3 years of the trial and was associated with lower exacerbation rates than the component monotherapies or placebo; other trials revealed clinically significant improvements in health status and dyspnoea scores with salmeterol/fluticasone propionate. Results of the INSPIRE trial suggest that salmeterol/fluticasone propionate is associated with a significantly lower mortality rate than tiotropium bromide monotherapy in patients with COPD; the two treatments had similar effects in terms of exacerbation rates and lung function. Thus, salmeterol/fluticasone propionate is an important option in the treatment of patients with COPD who are appropriate candidates for combination therapy with a long-acting bronchodilator and an inhaled corticosteroid.