Targeted DNA methylation by a DNA methyltransferase coupled to a triple helix forming oligonucleotide to down-regulate the epithelial cell adhesion molecule

Bioconjug Chem. 2010 Jul 21;21(7):1239-45. doi: 10.1021/bc1000388.

Abstract

The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a membrane glycoprotein that has been identified as a marker of cancer-initiating cells. EpCAM is highly expressed on most carcinomas, and transient silencing of EpCAM expression leads to reduced oncogenic potential. To silence the EpCAM gene in a persistent manner via targeted DNA methylation, a low activity mutant (C141S) of the CpG-specific DNA methyltransferase M.SssI was coupled to a triple-helix-forming oligonucleotide (TFO-C141S) specifically designed for the EpCAM gene. Reporter plasmids encoding the green fluorescent protein under control of different EpCAM promoter fragments were treated with the TFO-C141S conjugate to determine the specificity of targeted DNA methylation in the context of a functional EpCAM promoter. Treatment of the plasmids with TFO-C141S resulted in efficient and specific methylation of the targeted CpG located directly downstream of the triple helix forming site (TFS). No background DNA methylation was observed neither in a 700 bp region of the EpCAM promoter nor in a 400 bp region of the reporter gene downstream of the TFS. Methylation of the target CpG did not have a detectable effect on promoter activity. This study shows that the combination of a specific TFO and a reduced activity methyltransferase variant can be used to target DNA methylation to predetermined sites with high specificity, allowing determination of crucial CpGs for promoter activity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cell Adhesion Molecules / genetics
  • Cell Adhesion Molecules / metabolism*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • DNA / drug effects*
  • DNA / genetics
  • DNA Methylation / drug effects*
  • DNA Methylation / genetics
  • DNA Modification Methylases / chemistry
  • DNA Modification Methylases / metabolism*
  • Down-Regulation / drug effects
  • Epithelial Cells / metabolism*
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / genetics
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Nucleic Acid Conformation
  • Oligonucleotides / chemistry
  • Oligonucleotides / pharmacology*
  • Plasmids / genetics
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics

Substances

  • Cell Adhesion Molecules
  • Oligonucleotides
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins
  • DNA
  • DNA Modification Methylases