Abstract
Astrocytes are abundant glial cells that tile the entire central nervous system and mediate well-established functions for neurons, blood vessels, and other glia. These ubiquitous cells display intracellular Ca(2+) signals, which have been intensely studied for 25 years. Recently, the use of improved methods has unearthed the panoply of astrocyte Ca(2+) signals and a variable landscape of basal Ca(2+) levels. In vivo studies have started to reveal the settings under which astrocytes display behaviorally relevant Ca(2+) signaling. Studies in mice have emphasized how astrocyte Ca(2+) signaling is altered in distinct neurodegenerative diseases. Progress in the past few years, fueled by methodological advances, has thus reignited interest in astrocyte Ca(2+) signaling for brain function and dysfunction.
Keywords:
AAV; GCaMP; astrocyte; calcium; imaging.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Alzheimer Disease / genetics
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Alzheimer Disease / metabolism*
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Alzheimer Disease / pathology
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Animals
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Astrocytes / metabolism*
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Astrocytes / pathology
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Brain / metabolism*
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Brain / pathology
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Calcium / metabolism*
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Calcium Signaling*
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Calcium-Binding Proteins / genetics
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Calcium-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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Disease Models, Animal
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Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
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Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry
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Fluorescent Dyes / metabolism*
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Gene Expression
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Green Fluorescent Proteins / genetics
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Green Fluorescent Proteins / metabolism
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Humans
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Mice
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Mice, Transgenic
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Neurons / metabolism
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Neurons / pathology
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / genetics
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism
Substances
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Calcium-Binding Proteins
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Fluorescent Dyes
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins
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VC6.1 cameleon protein, recombinant
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Green Fluorescent Proteins
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Calcium