The dose-limiting side effect of the common colon cancer chemotherapeutic CPT-11 is severe
diarrhea caused by symbiotic bacterial β-glucuronidases that reactivate the drug in the gut…

The selective inhibition of bacterial β-glucuronidases was recently shown to alleviate drug-induced
gastrointestinal toxicity in mice, including the damage caused by the widely used …

Small intestinal mucosal injury is a frequent adverse effect caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs). The underlying mechanisms are not completely understood, but …

Irinotecan treats a range of solid tumors, but its effectiveness is severely limited by gastrointestinal
(GI) tract toxicity caused by gut bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes. Targeted …

Bacterial β-glucuronidases expressed by the symbiotic intestinal microbiota appear to play
important roles in drug-induced epithelial cell toxicity in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. For the …

The APEX2 gene encodes APE2, a nuclease related to APE1, the apurinic/apyrimidinic
endonuclease acting in base excision repair. Loss of APE2 is lethal in cells with mutated BRCA1 …

Exposure to environmental toxicants and stressors, radiation, pharmaceutical drugs, inflammation,
cellular respiration, and routine DNA metabolism all lead to the production of cytotoxic …

The human PXR (pregnane X receptor), a master regulator of drug metabolism, has essential
roles in intestinal homeostasis and abrogating inflammation. Existing PXR ligands have …

Xenobiotic compounds undergo a critical range of biotransformations performed by the phase
I, II, and III drug-metabolizing enzymes. The oxidation, conjugation, and transportation of …

The Xenopus laevis APE2 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2) nuclease participates in 3′-5′
nucleolytic resection of oxidative DNA damage and activation of the ATR-Chk1 DNA …