In the guinea pig ileum myenteric plexus—longitudinal muscle preparation, dynorphin-(1—13)
and the prototypical κ agonist ethylketocyclazocine had equally poor sensitivity to …

Morphine and related µ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists remain among the most effective
drugs known for acute relief of severe pain. A major problem in treating painful conditions is …

Kisspeptin is encoded by the Kiss1 gene, and kisspeptin signaling plays a critical role in
reproduction. In rodents, kisspeptin neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) provide tonic drive to …

Gene expression regulated by the cAMP response element (CRE) has been implicated in
synaptic plasticity and long-term memory. It has been proposed that CRE-mediated gene …

Stress is a complex human experience having both positive and negative motivational
properties. When chronic and uncontrollable, the adverse effects of stress on human health are …

It is hypothesized that Ca 2+ stimulation of calmodulin (CaM)–activated adenylyl cyclases (AC1
or AC8) generates cAMP signals critical for late phase LTP (L-LTP) and long-term …

The structural features responsible for the high potency and opiate receptor specificity of the
opioid peptide dynorphin in the guinea pig ileum myenteric plexus were examined. …

Previous studies have demonstrated that stress may increase prodynorphin gene expression,
and κ opioid agonists suppress drug reward. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that …

Synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) is a membrane glycoprotein common to all synaptic and
endocrine vesicles. Unlike many proteins involved in synaptic exocytosis, SV2 has no homolog …

Activity of several ion channels is controlled by heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins)
via a membrane-delimited pathway that does not involve cytoplasmic intermediates. The …