Federated learning can combine a large number of scattered user groups and train models
collaboratively without uploading data sets, so as to avoid the server collecting user sensitive …

The mesopontine tegmentum, including the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental
nuclei (PPN and LDT), provides major cholinergic inputs to midbrain and regulates …

Anandamide (AEA) and Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are endogenous and exogenous
ligands, respectively, for cannabinoid receptors. Whereas most of the pharmacological …

Nucleus- and cell-specific interrogation of individual basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic circuits
is crucial for refining targets to treat comorbid chronic pain-like and depression-like …

The cellular mechanisms underlying alcohol addiction are poorly understood. In several
brain areas, ethanol depresses glutamatergic excitatory transmission, but how it affects …

Due to the complexity of the data environment, many organizations prefer to train deep learning
models together by sharing training sets. However, this process is always accompanied …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are mesoderm-derived cells, primarily resident in adult bone
marrow (BM). MSCs exhibit lineage differentiation to generate cells such as BM stroma, fat…

Staphylococcus aureus causes acute and chronic infections resulting in significant morbidity.
Urease, an enzyme that generates NH 3 and CO 2 from urea, is key to pH homeostasis in …

Noninvasive light focusing deep inside living biological tissue has long been a goal in
biomedical optics. However, the optical scattering of biological tissue prevents conventional …

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) controls basal ganglia outputs via the substantia nigra pars
reticulata (SNr) and the globus pallidus internus (GPi). However, the synaptic properties of …