The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a secreted protein that lacks a signal
peptide and does not follow currently known pathways of secretion. Its efficient release from …

P2X receptors are ATP-gated ion channels in the plasma membrane, but activation of the
P2X 7 receptor also leads to rapid cytoskeletal re-arrangements such as membrane blebbing. …

… Author links open overlay panel Jason A Maciolek , J Alex Pasternak , Heather L Wilson …
L. Schultz (Ed.), Principles of Biochemistry (edn 6), WH Freeman and Company, New York (2013…

The binding of extracellular ATP to the P2X 7 receptor opens an integral cation-permeable
channel; it also leads to membrane blebbing and, in certain immune cells, interleukin-1β …

We constructed a full-length human P2X 5 purinoceptor cDNA by incorporating a sequence
corresponding to exon 10, which is missing in cDNAs cloned previously from human tissues. …

The development of human vaccines continues to rely on the use of animals for research.
Regulatory authorities require novel vaccine candidates to undergo preclinical assessment in …

The presence of cytosolic double-stranded DNA molecules can trigger multiple innate immune
signalling pathways which converge on the activation of an ER-resident innate immune …

Genomic approaches can be exploited to expose the complexities and conservation of biological
systems such as the immune network across various mammalian species. In this study, …

Angiogenesis requires co-ordination of multiple signalling inputs to regulate the behaviour of
endothelial cells (ECs) as they form vascular networks. Vascular endothelial growth factor (…

Interleukin-1 (IL-1), the ‘gatekeeper’ of inflammation, is the apical cytokine in a signalling
cascade that drives the early response to injury or infection. Expression, processing and …