… Slides were prepared from cell blocks as previously described (Vasko V, Saji M, Hardy E,
et al: J Med Genet 41:161-170, 2004) and incubated overnight at 4C with antibodies against …

Purpose Mutations in the RET proto-oncogene and vascular endothelial growth factor
receptor (VEGFR) activity are critical in the pathogenesis of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). …

Papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) that invade into local structures are associated with a
poor prognosis, but the mechanisms for PTC invasion are incompletely defined, limiting the …

Enhanced activation of Akt occurs in Cowden’s disease, an inherited syndrome of follicular
thyroid, breast, colon, and skin tumors, via inactivation of its regulatory protein, PTEN. …

Cachexia contributes to nearly a third of all cancer deaths, yet the mechanisms underlying
skeletal muscle wasting in this syndrome remain poorly defined. We report that tumor-induced …

Purpose Biliary cancers (BCs) carry a poor prognosis, but targeting the RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated
protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway is of …

The phosphoinositide-3 (OH) kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade is involved in regulating
glucose uptake and metabolism, growth, motility, and other essential functions for cell survival. …

The development of distant metastasis is the most important predictor of death from thyroid
cancer. KiSS-1 is a recently cloned human metastasis suppressor gene whose product, …

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) shows high heritability, yet efforts to find
predisposing genes have been largely negative. Objectives: The objective of this study was to …

Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine cancer with a favorable prognosis if subjected to
timely treatment. However, the clinical identification of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) …