Inflammation causes the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) 1 , leading to the release of
prostanoids, which sensitize peripheral nociceptor terminals and produce localized pain …

Peripheral inflammation induces p38 MAPK activation in the soma of C fiber nociceptors in
the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after 24 hr. Inflammation also increases protein, but not …

Hepcidin is a key regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin deficiency induces iron
overload, whereas hepcidin excess induces anemia. Mutations in the gene encoding …

A cardinal feature of inflammation is heightened pain sensitivity at the site of the inflamed
tissue. This results from the local release by immune and injured cells of nociceptor sensitizers, …

Dopamine receptors have been implicated in the behavioural response to drugs of abuse.
These responses are mediated particularly by the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway arising …

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) function as retrograde signaling molecules at synapses throughout
the brain, regulate axonal growth and guidance during development, and drive adult …

In the adult mouse, single and compound null mutations in the genes for retinoic acid receptor
β and retinoid X receptors β and γ resulted in locomotor defects related to dysfunction of …

Advances in our understanding of the synthesis, regulation and function of prostanoids have
led to a new appreciation of their actions in health and disease. Prostanoid synthesis is …

Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) is both an inflammatory mediator released at the site of tissue
inflammation and a neuromodulator that alters neuronal excitability and synaptic processing. …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)β
superfamily of ligands that regulate many crucial aspects of embryonic development and …