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Molecular Pharmacology

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Research ArticleArticle

Chloroethylclonidine Binds Irreversibly to Exposed Cysteines in the Fifth Membrane-Spanning Domain of the Human α2 A-Adrenergic Receptor

Anne Marjamäki, Marjo Pihlavisto, Victor Cockcroft, Petri Heinonen, Juha-Matti Savola and Mika Scheinin
Molecular Pharmacology March 1998, 53 (3) 370-376; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.53.3.370
Anne Marjamäki
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Marjo Pihlavisto
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Victor Cockcroft
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Petri Heinonen
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Juha-Matti Savola
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Mika Scheinin
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Abstract

The α2-adrenergic receptors (α2-ARs) mediate signals to intracellular second messengers via guanine nucleotide binding proteins. Three human genes encoding α2-AR subtypes (α2A, α2B, α2C) have been cloned. Several chemical compounds display subtype differences in their binding and/or functional activity. Site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling are new tools with which to investigate the subtype selectivity of ligands. In this study, we introduce a new approach to mapping of the binding site crevice of the human α2A-AR. Based on a three-dimensional receptor model, we systematically mutated residues 197–201 and 204 in the fifth transmembrane domain of the human α2A-AR to cysteine. Chloroethylclonidine, an alkylating derivative of the α2-adrenergic agonist clonidine, binds irreversibly to α2A-ARs by forming a covalent bond with the sulfhydryl side chain of a cysteine residue exposed in the binding cavity, leading to inactivation of the receptor. Irreversible binding of chloroethylclonidine was used as a criterion for identifying introduced cysteine residues as being exposed in the binding cavity. The results supported a receptor model in which the fifth transmembrane domain is α-helical, with residues Val197, Ser200, Cys201, and Ser204 exposed in the binding pocket. Residues Ile198, Ser199, Ile202, and Gly203 face the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. This approach emerges as a powerful tool for structural characterization of the α2-ARs.

Footnotes

    • Received July 21, 1997.
    • Accepted October 8, 1997.
  • Send reprint requests to: Dr. Anne Marjamäki, MediCity Research Laboratory, City of Turku, Tykistökatu 6 A, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland. E-mail: anmarja{at}utu.fi

  • ↵1 Current affiliation: Juvantia Pharma, Tykistökatu 6 A, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland.

  • This work was supported by the Academy of Finland and Technology Development Centre of Finland.

  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Molecular Pharmacology: 53 (3)
Molecular Pharmacology
Vol. 53, Issue 3
1 Mar 1998
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Research ArticleArticle

Chloroethylclonidine Binds Irreversibly to Exposed Cysteines in the Fifth Membrane-Spanning Domain of the Human α2 A-Adrenergic Receptor

Anne Marjamäki, Marjo Pihlavisto, Victor Cockcroft, Petri Heinonen, Juha-Matti Savola and Mika Scheinin
Molecular Pharmacology March 1, 1998, 53 (3) 370-376; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.53.3.370

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Research ArticleArticle

Chloroethylclonidine Binds Irreversibly to Exposed Cysteines in the Fifth Membrane-Spanning Domain of the Human α2 A-Adrenergic Receptor

Anne Marjamäki, Marjo Pihlavisto, Victor Cockcroft, Petri Heinonen, Juha-Matti Savola and Mika Scheinin
Molecular Pharmacology March 1, 1998, 53 (3) 370-376; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.53.3.370
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