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Molecular Pharmacology

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Research ArticleArticle

Synergistic Neuroprotection by Bis(7)-tacrine via Concurrent Blockade of N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptors and Neuronal Nitric-Oxide Synthase

Wenming Li, Jian Xue, Chunying Niu, Hongjun Fu, Colin S. C. Lam, Jialie Luo, Hugh H. N. Chan, Huaiguo Xue, Kelvin K. W. Kan, Nelson T. K. Lee, Chaoying Li, Yuanping Pang, Mingtao Li, Karl W. K. Tsim, Hualiang Jiang, Kaixian Chen, Xiaoyuan Li and Yifan Han
Molecular Pharmacology May 2007, 71 (5) 1258-1267; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.106.029108
Wenming Li
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Jian Xue
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Chunying Niu
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Hongjun Fu
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Colin S. C. Lam
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Jialie Luo
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Hugh H. N. Chan
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Huaiguo Xue
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Kelvin K. W. Kan
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Nelson T. K. Lee
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Chaoying Li
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Yuanping Pang
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Mingtao Li
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Karl W. K. Tsim
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Hualiang Jiang
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Kaixian Chen
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Xiaoyuan Li
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Yifan Han
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Abstract

The excessive activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway has been proposed to be involved in the neuropathology of various neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, NO was found to mediate glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in primary cultured neurons. Compared with the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA), and the NMDAR antagonist memantine, bis(7)-tacrine was found to be more potent in reducing NO-mediated excitotoxicity and the release of NO caused by glutamate. Moreover, like l-NMMA but not like 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine (MK-801) and memantine, bis(7)-tacrine showed greater neuroprotection and inhibition on NO release when neurons were pretreated for a prolonged time between 0 and 24 h and remained quite potent even when neurons were post-treated 1 h after the glutamate challenge. Bis(7)-tacrine was additionally found to be as moderately potent as memantine in competing with [3H]MK-801, inhibiting NMDA-evoked currents and reducing glutamate-triggered calcium influx, which eventually reduced neuronal NOS activity. More importantly, at neuroprotective concentrations, bis(7)-tacrine substantially reversed the overactivation of neuronal NOS caused by glutamate without interfering with the basal activity of NOS. Furthermore, in vitro pattern analysis demonstrated that bis(7)-tacrine competitively inhibited both purified neuronal and inducible NOS with IC50 values at 2.9 and 9.3 μM but not endothelial NOS. This result was further supported by molecular docking simulations that showed hydrophobic interactions between bis(7)-tacrine and three NOS isozymes. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the substantial neuroprotection against glutamate by bis(7)-tacrine might be mediated synergistically through the moderate blockade of NMDAR and selective inhibition of neuronal NOS.

Footnotes

  • This work was supported by grants from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (HKUST 6120/02M, 6133/03M, 6140/02M, and 6441/06M; 643/99; AoE/B15/01; P_10/01); the National Science Foundation of China (30370450, 30170299, and 30570562), and the CPD Foundation (20060390210).

  • Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org.

  • doi:10.1124/mol.106.029108.

  • ABBREVIATIONS: NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartate; AChE, acetylcholinesterase; ANOVA, analysis of variance; CGN, cerebellar granule neuron; NOS, nitric-oxide synthase; eNOS, endothelial nitric-oxide synthase; iNOS, inducible nitric-oxide synthase; nNOS, neuronal nitric-oxide synthase; l-NMMA, NG-monomethyl-l-arginine; MTT, 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NMDAR, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor; BAPTA, 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid; DIV, days in vitro; 7-NI, 7-nitroindozale; MK-801, 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine; ARL17477, N-[4-(2-[[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]amino]ethyl)phenyl]-2-thiophenecarboximidamide dihydrochloride; 3D, three-dimensional.

  • ↵ Embedded Image The online version of this article (available at http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org) contains supplemental material.

    • Received July 23, 2006.
    • Accepted February 13, 2007.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Molecular Pharmacology: 71 (5)
Molecular Pharmacology
Vol. 71, Issue 5
1 May 2007
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Research ArticleArticle

Synergistic Neuroprotection by Bis(7)-tacrine via Concurrent Blockade of N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptors and Neuronal Nitric-Oxide Synthase

Wenming Li, Jian Xue, Chunying Niu, Hongjun Fu, Colin S. C. Lam, Jialie Luo, Hugh H. N. Chan, Huaiguo Xue, Kelvin K. W. Kan, Nelson T. K. Lee, Chaoying Li, Yuanping Pang, Mingtao Li, Karl W. K. Tsim, Hualiang Jiang, Kaixian Chen, Xiaoyuan Li and Yifan Han
Molecular Pharmacology May 1, 2007, 71 (5) 1258-1267; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.106.029108

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Research ArticleArticle

Synergistic Neuroprotection by Bis(7)-tacrine via Concurrent Blockade of N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptors and Neuronal Nitric-Oxide Synthase

Wenming Li, Jian Xue, Chunying Niu, Hongjun Fu, Colin S. C. Lam, Jialie Luo, Hugh H. N. Chan, Huaiguo Xue, Kelvin K. W. Kan, Nelson T. K. Lee, Chaoying Li, Yuanping Pang, Mingtao Li, Karl W. K. Tsim, Hualiang Jiang, Kaixian Chen, Xiaoyuan Li and Yifan Han
Molecular Pharmacology May 1, 2007, 71 (5) 1258-1267; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.106.029108
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