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Molecular Pharmacology

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Research ArticleArticle

CCR5 Small-Molecule Antagonists and Monoclonal Antibodies Exert Potent Synergistic Antiviral Effects by Cobinding to the Receptor

Changhua Ji, Jun Zhang, Marianna Dioszegi, Sophie Chiu, Eileen Rao, Andre deRosier, Nick Cammack, Michael Brandt and Surya Sankuratri
Molecular Pharmacology July 2007, 72 (1) 18-28; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.107.035055
Changhua Ji
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Jun Zhang
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Marianna Dioszegi
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Sophie Chiu
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Eileen Rao
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Andre deRosier
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Nick Cammack
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Michael Brandt
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Surya Sankuratri
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Abstract

A panel of four CCR5 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing different epitopes on CCR5 was examined in CCR5-mediated cell-cell fusion assay, alone or in combination with a variety of small molecule CCR5 antagonists. Although no antagonism was observed between any of the CCR5 inhibitors, surprisingly potent synergy was observed between CCR5 mAbs and antagonists, and the synergistic activity was confirmed in other antiviral assays. Strong synergy was also observed between CCR5 inhibitors and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide. There was no synergy observed between small molecule CCR5 inhibitors; however, potent synergy was observed between mAbs recognizing different parts of CCR5. In all synergistic combinations, greater synergy was achieved at higher percent inhibition levels. A negative correlation was found between the degree of synergy between the two classes of CCR5 inhibitors and the ability to compete each other for binding to the receptor. For example, the greatest synergy, observed between the mAb ROAb13 and the small molecule inhibitor maraviroc, did not interfere with binding to CCR5 for either inhibitor, whereas no synergy was found between mAb 45523 and maraviroc, which do compete for binding to CCR5. In addition, in contrast to a recent report, the CCR5 inhibitors tested here were found to inhibit the same stage of HIV entry. Based on the data presented here, we hypothesize that CCR5 inhibitors exert synergistic antiviral actions through a cobinding mechanism.

Footnotes

  • ABBREVIATIONS: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; mAb, monoclonal antibody; LA, Loewe additivity; BI, Bliss independence; CCF, cell-cell fusion; ENF, enfuvirtide; VVC, vicriviroc; MVC, maraviroc; APL, aplaviroc; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting; CHO, Chinese hamster ovary; CI, combination index; ECL, extracellular loop; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity.

    • Received February 9, 2007.
    • Accepted March 28, 2007.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Molecular Pharmacology: 72 (1)
Molecular Pharmacology
Vol. 72, Issue 1
1 Jul 2007
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Research ArticleArticle

CCR5 Small-Molecule Antagonists and Monoclonal Antibodies Exert Potent Synergistic Antiviral Effects by Cobinding to the Receptor

Changhua Ji, Jun Zhang, Marianna Dioszegi, Sophie Chiu, Eileen Rao, Andre deRosier, Nick Cammack, Michael Brandt and Surya Sankuratri
Molecular Pharmacology July 1, 2007, 72 (1) 18-28; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.107.035055

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Research ArticleArticle

CCR5 Small-Molecule Antagonists and Monoclonal Antibodies Exert Potent Synergistic Antiviral Effects by Cobinding to the Receptor

Changhua Ji, Jun Zhang, Marianna Dioszegi, Sophie Chiu, Eileen Rao, Andre deRosier, Nick Cammack, Michael Brandt and Surya Sankuratri
Molecular Pharmacology July 1, 2007, 72 (1) 18-28; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.107.035055
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