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Molecular Pharmacology

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Research ArticleArticle

Atomic Force Microscopy Reveals the Stoichiometry and Subunit Arrangement of the α4β3δ GABAA Receptor

Nelson P. Barrera, Jill Betts, Haitao You, Robert M. Henderson, Ian L. Martin, Susan M. J. Dunn and J. Michael Edwardson
Molecular Pharmacology March 2008, 73 (3) 960-967; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.107.042481
Nelson P. Barrera
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Jill Betts
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Haitao You
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Robert M. Henderson
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Ian L. Martin
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Susan M. J. Dunn
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J. Michael Edwardson
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Abstract

The GABAA receptor is a chloride-selective ligand-gated ion channel of the Cys-loop superfamily. The receptor consists of five subunits arranged pseudosymmetrically around a central pore. The predominant form of the receptor in the brain contains α1-, β2-, and γ2-subunits in the arrangement αβαγβ, counter-clockwise around the pore. GABAA receptors containing δ-instead of γ-subunits, although a minor component of the total receptor population, have interesting properties, such as an extrasynaptic location, high sensitivity to GABA, and potential association with conditions such as epilepsy. They are therefore attractive targets for drug development. Here we addressed the subunit arrangement within the α4β3δ form of the receptor. Different epitope tags were engineered onto the three subunits, and complexes between receptors and anti-epitope antibodies were imaged by atomic force microscopy. Determination of the numbers of receptors doubly decorated by each of the three antibodies revealed a subunit stoichiometry of 2α:2β:1δ. The distributions of angles between pairs of antibodies against the α- and β-subunits both had peaks at around 144°, indicating that these pairs of subunits were nonadjacent. Decoration of the receptor with ligands that bind to the extracellular domain (i.e., the lectin concanavalin A and an antibody that recognizes the β-subunit N-terminal sequence) showed that the receptor preferentially binds to the mica extracellular face down. Given this orientation, the geometry of complexes of receptors with both an antibody against the δ-subunit and Fab fragments against the α-subunits indicates a predominant subunit arrangement of αβαδβ, counter-clockwise around the pore when viewed from the extracellular space.

Footnotes

  • This work was supported by grants from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (B19797) (to J.M.E. and R.M.H.) and from the Canadian Institute of Health Research (to S.M.J.D. and I.L.M.).

  • ABBREVIATIONS: AFM, atomic force microscopy; HA, hemagglutinin; CHAPS, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate

    • Received October 4, 2007.
    • Accepted December 12, 2007.
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Molecular Pharmacology: 73 (3)
Molecular Pharmacology
Vol. 73, Issue 3
1 Mar 2008
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Research ArticleArticle

Atomic Force Microscopy Reveals the Stoichiometry and Subunit Arrangement of the α4β3δ GABAA Receptor

Nelson P. Barrera, Jill Betts, Haitao You, Robert M. Henderson, Ian L. Martin, Susan M. J. Dunn and J. Michael Edwardson
Molecular Pharmacology March 1, 2008, 73 (3) 960-967; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.107.042481

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Research ArticleArticle

Atomic Force Microscopy Reveals the Stoichiometry and Subunit Arrangement of the α4β3δ GABAA Receptor

Nelson P. Barrera, Jill Betts, Haitao You, Robert M. Henderson, Ian L. Martin, Susan M. J. Dunn and J. Michael Edwardson
Molecular Pharmacology March 1, 2008, 73 (3) 960-967; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.107.042481
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