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Research ArticleArticle

Benzene Metabolite Hydroquinone Up-Regulates Chondromodulin-I and Inhibits Tube Formation in Human Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells

Hongfei Zhou, Jadwiga K. Kepa, David Siegel, Shigenori Miura, Yuji Hiraki and David Ross
Molecular Pharmacology September 2009, 76 (3) 579-587; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.109.057323
Hongfei Zhou
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (H.Z., J.K.K., D.S., D.R.); and Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.M., Y.H.)
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Jadwiga K. Kepa
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (H.Z., J.K.K., D.S., D.R.); and Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.M., Y.H.)
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David Siegel
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (H.Z., J.K.K., D.S., D.R.); and Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.M., Y.H.)
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Shigenori Miura
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (H.Z., J.K.K., D.S., D.R.); and Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.M., Y.H.)
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Yuji Hiraki
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (H.Z., J.K.K., D.S., D.R.); and Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.M., Y.H.)
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David Ross
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado (H.Z., J.K.K., D.S., D.R.); and Department of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.M., Y.H.)
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Abstract

Bone marrow is a major target of benzene toxicity, and NAD- (P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), an enzyme protective against benzene toxicity, is present in human bone marrow endothelial cells, which form the hematopoietic stem cell vascular niche. In this study, we have employed a transformed human bone marrow endothelial cell (TrHBMEC) line to study the adverse effects induced by the benzene metabolite hydroquinone. Hydroquinone inhibited TrHBMEC tube formation at concentrations that were not overtly toxic, as demonstrated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide or sulforhodamine B analysis. Hydroquinone was found to up-regulate chondromodulin-I (ChM-I), a protein that promotes chondrocyte growth and inhibits endothelial cell growth and tube formation. Recombinant human ChM-I protein inhibited tube formation in TrHBMECs, suggesting that up-regulation of ChM-I may explain the ability of hydroquinone to inhibit TrHB-MEC tube formation. To explore this possibility further, anti-ChM-I small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to deplete ChM-I mRNA and protein. Pretreatment with anti-ChM-I siRNA markedly abrogated hydroquinone-induced inhibition of tube formation in TrHBMECs. Overexpression of the protective enzyme NQO1 in TrHBMECs inhibited the up-regulation of ChM-I and abrogated the inhibition of tube formation induced by hydroquinone. In summary, hydroquinone treatment up-regulated ChM-I and inhibited tube formation in TrHBMECs; NQO1 inhibited hydroquinone-induced up-regulation of ChM-I in TrHB-MECs and protected cells from hydroquinone-induced inhibition of tube formation. This study demonstrates that ChM-I up-regulation is one of the underlying mechanisms of inhibition of tube formation and provides a mechanism that may contribute to benzene-induced toxicity at the level of bone marrow endothelium.

Footnotes

    • Received April 29, 2009.
    • Accepted June 12, 2009.
  • This work was supported by National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Grant ES09554]

  • ABBREVIATIONS: NQO1, NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase 1; HSC, hematopoietic stem cell; TrHBMEC, transformed human bone marrow endothelial cell; ChM-I, chondromodulin-I; HCAEC, human coronary artery endothelial cell; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; siRNA, small interfering RNA; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RT, reverse transcription; PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SRB, sulforhodamine B; AP-1, activator protein 1.

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Molecular Pharmacology: 76 (3)
Molecular Pharmacology
Vol. 76, Issue 3
1 Sep 2009
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Research ArticleArticle

Benzene Metabolite Hydroquinone Up-Regulates Chondromodulin-I and Inhibits Tube Formation in Human Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells

Hongfei Zhou, Jadwiga K. Kepa, David Siegel, Shigenori Miura, Yuji Hiraki and David Ross
Molecular Pharmacology September 1, 2009, 76 (3) 579-587; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.109.057323

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Research ArticleArticle

Benzene Metabolite Hydroquinone Up-Regulates Chondromodulin-I and Inhibits Tube Formation in Human Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells

Hongfei Zhou, Jadwiga K. Kepa, David Siegel, Shigenori Miura, Yuji Hiraki and David Ross
Molecular Pharmacology September 1, 2009, 76 (3) 579-587; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.109.057323
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