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Molecular Pharmacology

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Research ArticleArticle

Sustained Activation of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors in Podoctyes Leads to Oxidative Stress, Mobilization of Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 6 Channels, Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Activation, and Apoptotic Cell Death

Eun Young Kim, Marc Anderson and Stuart E. Dryer
Molecular Pharmacology October 2012, 82 (4) 728-737; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.112.079376
Eun Young Kim
Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (E.Y.K., M.A., S.E.D.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (S.E.D.)
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Marc Anderson
Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (E.Y.K., M.A., S.E.D.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (S.E.D.)
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Stuart E. Dryer
Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (E.Y.K., M.A., S.E.D.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (S.E.D.)
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Abstract

Atypical N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are expressed in podocytes. Sustained (≥24 h) application of 50 to 100 μM NMDA to immortalized mouse podocytes evoked a marked increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2. This effect of NMDA was associated with increased cell-surface expression of p47(phox), a cytosolic regulatory subunit of the NADPH oxidase NOX2. NMDA-evoked generation of ROS drove an increase in steady-state surface expression of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 6 channels, which was blocked by the NMDA antagonist dizocilpine (MK-801) and by a membrane-permeable scavenger of ROS. The effect of NMDA on TRPC6 was observed using cell surface biotinylation assays and also with whole-cell recordings made under conditions designed to facilitate detection of current through TRPC6. NMDA mobilization of TRPC6 channels was blocked by concurrent treatment with the NMDA antagonist MK-801 and by a membrane-permeable scavenger of ROS. Mobilization of TRPC6 was also evoked by l-homocysteic acid. NMDA treatment also increased nuclear localization of endogenous nuclear factor of activated T cells, which could be blocked by MK-801, by scavenging ROS, by the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine, and by the TRPC channel inhibitor 1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy]ethyl]imidazole (SKF-96365). NMDA treatment also evoked robust activation of Rho but not Rac, consistent with previous studies of downstream effectors of TRPC6 activation. Exposing cells to NMDA for 24 h reduced total and cell surface expression of the podocyte markers nephrin and podocin, but there was no loss of cells. With longer NMDA exposure (72 h), we observed loss of cells associated with nuclear fragmentation and increased expression of caspase-3, caspase-6, and Bax, suggesting an apoptotic process.

Footnotes

  • This work was supported by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [Grant R01-DK8259]; and by an American Society for Nephrology James M. Scherbenske Award.

  • Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org.

    http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.112.079376.

  • ABBREVIATIONS:

    TRPC
    transient receptor potential canonical
    NMDA
    N-methyl-d-aspartic acid
    ROS
    reactive oxygen species
    MK-801
    dizocilpine maleate
    l-HCA
    l-homocysteic acid
    NOX
    NADPH oxidase
    CsA
    cyclosporine
    NFAT
    nuclear factor of activated T cells
    SKF-96365
    1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy]ethyl]imidazole
    MnTBAP
    manganese(III) tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride
    DAPI
    4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
    OAG
    1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol
    TUNEL
    terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling.

  • Received April 17, 2012.
  • Accepted July 23, 2012.
  • Copyright © 2012 The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Molecular Pharmacology: 82 (4)
Molecular Pharmacology
Vol. 82, Issue 4
1 Oct 2012
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Research ArticleArticle

NMDA Signals through TRPC6 Channels in Podocytes

Eun Young Kim, Marc Anderson and Stuart E. Dryer
Molecular Pharmacology October 1, 2012, 82 (4) 728-737; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.112.079376

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Research ArticleArticle

NMDA Signals through TRPC6 Channels in Podocytes

Eun Young Kim, Marc Anderson and Stuart E. Dryer
Molecular Pharmacology October 1, 2012, 82 (4) 728-737; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.112.079376
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