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Molecular Pharmacology

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Research ArticleArticle

Modulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α Activity by Bile Acids Causes Circadian Changes in the Intestinal Expression of Octn1/Slc22a4 in Mice

Erika Wada, Satoru Koyanagi, Naoki Kusunose, Takahiro Akamine, Hiroaki Masui, Hana Hashimoto, Naoya Matsunaga and Shigehiro Ohdo
Molecular Pharmacology February 2015, 87 (2) 314-322; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.114.094979
Erika Wada
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Satoru Koyanagi
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Naoki Kusunose
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Takahiro Akamine
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Hiroaki Masui
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Hana Hashimoto
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Naoya Matsunaga
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Shigehiro Ohdo
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract

In addition to their digestive actions, bile acids modulate gene expression by altering the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα). The modulatory effects of bile acids have been shown to affect the expression of genes responsible for lipid metabolism as well as membrane transporters. Bile acids are secreted in response to food intake and accumulate in intestinal epithelial cells. In the present study, we identified soluble carrier protein family 22 member 4 (Slc22a4), encoding organic cation transporter novel type-1 (Octn1), as a PPARα-regulated gene and its intestinal expression exhibited circadian oscillations in a bile acid–dependent manner. Nocturnally active mice mainly consumed their food around the early dark phase, during which bile acids accumulated in intestinal epithelial cells. PPARα activated the intestinal expression of Slc22a4 mRNA during the light period, and protein levels of Octn1 peaked before the start of the dark phase. The bile acids that accumulated in intestinal epithelial cells suppressed the PPARα-mediated transactivation of Slc22a4 in the dark phase. The time-dependent suppression of PPARα-mediated transactivation by bile acids regulated oscillations in the intestinal expression of Octn1/Slc22a4 during the daily feeding cycle. The results of a pharmacokinetic analysis also revealed that oscillations in the expression of Octn1 caused dosing time-dependent differences in the intestinal absorption of gabapentin (2-[1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]acetic acid). These results suggest a molecular clock–independent mechanism by which bile acid–regulated PPARα activity governs the circadian expression of intestinal organic cation transporters. This mechanism could also account for interindividual variations in the pharmacokinetics of drugs that are substrates of Octn1.

Footnotes

    • Received July 26, 2014.
    • Accepted November 24, 2014.
  • This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas [Grant 25136716] (to S.O.); a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) [Grant 25253038] (to S.O.); and Grants-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research [Grant 25670079] (to S.O.) and [Grant 26670317] (to S.K.) from the Japan for the Promotion of Science.

  • dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.114.094979.

  • ↵Embedded ImageThis article has supplemental material available at molpharm.aspetjournals.org.

  • Copyright © 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Molecular Pharmacology: 87 (2)
Molecular Pharmacology
Vol. 87, Issue 2
1 Feb 2015
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Research ArticleArticle

Circadian Regulation of Intestinal Expression of Octn1/Slc22a4

Erika Wada, Satoru Koyanagi, Naoki Kusunose, Takahiro Akamine, Hiroaki Masui, Hana Hashimoto, Naoya Matsunaga and Shigehiro Ohdo
Molecular Pharmacology February 1, 2015, 87 (2) 314-322; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.114.094979

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Research ArticleArticle

Circadian Regulation of Intestinal Expression of Octn1/Slc22a4

Erika Wada, Satoru Koyanagi, Naoki Kusunose, Takahiro Akamine, Hiroaki Masui, Hana Hashimoto, Naoya Matsunaga and Shigehiro Ohdo
Molecular Pharmacology February 1, 2015, 87 (2) 314-322; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.114.094979
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