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Abstract
G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) structural biology has progressed dramatically in the last decade. There are now over 120 GPCR crystal structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank of 32 different receptors from families scattered across the phylogenetic tree, including class B, C, and Frizzled GPCRs. These structures have been obtained in combination with a wide variety of ligands and captured in a range of conformational states. This surge in structural knowledge has enlightened research into the molecular recognition of biologically active molecules, the mechanisms of receptor activation, the dynamics of functional selectivity, and fueled structure-based drug design efforts for GPCRs. Here we summarize the innovations in both protein engineering/molecular biology and crystallography techniques that have led to these advances in GPCR structural biology and discuss how they may influence the resulting structural models. We also provide a brief molecular pharmacologist’s guide to GPCR X-ray crystallography, outlining some key aspects in the process of structure determination, with the goal to encourage noncrystallographers to interrogate structures at the molecular level. Finally, we show how chemogenomics approaches can be used to marry the wealth of existing receptor pharmacology data with the expanding repertoire of structures, providing a deeper understanding of the mechanistic details of GPCR function.
Footnotes
- Received April 27, 2015.
- Accepted July 7, 2015.
C.L.P. and J.K. contributed equally to this work.
This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation [Grant 146520] and by COST Action GLISTEN [CM1207]; J.K. is an employee of Heptares Therapeutics Ltd, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Sosei Group Corporation.
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- Copyright © 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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