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Research ArticleMinireview

Pain, Motivation, Migraine and the Microbiome: New Frontiers for Opioid systems and Disease

Kyle E Parker, Elizabeth Sugiarto, Anna MW Taylor, Amynah Pradhan and Ream Al-Hasani
Molecular Pharmacology July 27, 2020, mol.120.119438; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.120.119438
Kyle E Parker
1 Washington University in St. Louis;
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Elizabeth Sugiarto
2 University of Alberta;
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Anna MW Taylor
2 University of Alberta;
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Amynah Pradhan
3 University of Illinois at Chicago;
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Ream Al-Hasani
4 St. Louis College of Pharmacy & Washington University in St. Louis
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Abstract

For decades the broad role of opioids in addiction, neuropsychiatric disorders and pain states has been somewhat well established. However in recent years, with the rise of technological advances, the existing dogma is not only being challenged but we are identifying new disease areas in which opioids play a critical role. This review highlights four new areas of exploration in the opioid field. The newest member of the opioid family, the nociceptin receptor system shows promise as the missing link in understanding the neurocircuitry of motivation. It is well known that activation of the kappa opioid receptor system modulates negative affect and dysphoria but recent studies now implicate the kappa opioid system in the modulation of negative affect associated with pain. Opioids are critical in pain management, however the often forgotten delta opioid receptor system has been identified as a novel therapeutic target for headache disorders and migraine. Lastly, changes to the gut microbiome have been shown to directly contribute to many of the symptoms of chronic opioid use and opioid related behaviors. This review summarizes the findings from each of these areas with an emphasis on identifying new therapeutic targets.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The focus of this mini review is to highlight new disease areas or new aspects of disease in which opioids have been implicated, this includes pain, motivation, migraine and the microbiome. In some cases this has resulted in the pursuit of a novel therapeutic target and resultant clinical trial. We believe this is very timely and will be a refreshing take on reading about opioids and disease.

  • Migraine
  • Opioid receptors
  • Pain
  • The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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Molecular Pharmacology: 103 (2)
Molecular Pharmacology
Vol. 103, Issue 2
1 Feb 2023
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Research ArticleMinireview

Pain, Motivation, Migraine and the Microbiome: New Frontiers for Opioid systems and Disease

Kyle E Parker, Elizabeth Sugiarto, Anna MW Taylor, Amynah Pradhan and Ream Al-Hasani
Molecular Pharmacology July 27, 2020, mol.120.119438; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.120.119438

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Research ArticleMinireview

Pain, Motivation, Migraine and the Microbiome: New Frontiers for Opioid systems and Disease

Kyle E Parker, Elizabeth Sugiarto, Anna MW Taylor, Amynah Pradhan and Ream Al-Hasani
Molecular Pharmacology July 27, 2020, mol.120.119438; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.120.119438
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