RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Biodistribution and metabolism of internally 3H-labeled oligonucleotides. I. Comparison of a phosphodiester and a phosphorothioate.
JF Molecular Pharmacology
JO Mol Pharmacol
FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
SP 932
OP 943
VO 45
IS 5
A1 H Sands
A1 L J Gorey-Feret
A1 A J Cocuzza
A1 F W Hobbs
A1 D Chidester
A1 G L Trainor
YR 1994
UL http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/45/5/932.abstract
AB Biodistribution and metabolism of oligonucleotides were determined using a 3H-labeled 20-nucleotide phosphodiester and its phosphorothioate analog. The oligonucleotides were radiolabeled by 3H-methylation of an internal deoxyctidine with HhaI methylase and S- [3H]adenosylmethionine. Biodistribution studies were conducted after intravenous injection of 6 mg/kg (5 muCi) oligonucleotide. Metabolism of the oligonucleotides was determined by paired-ion high performance liquid chromatography. After phosphodiester injections, radiolabel rapidly cleared the blood. Relative initial concentrations were as follows: kidney > blood > heart > liver > lung > spleen. Radiolabel in spleen peaked at 1 hr and remained elevated for 24 hr. At 2 hr the concentration in all organs, except spleen, was equal to that in blood. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the kidney, liver, and spleen extracts and urine indicated extremely rapid metabolism to monomer. Results of studies after the injection of phosphorothioate oligonucleotide differed from those using the phosphodiester. Despite its rapid clearance from blood, phosphorothioate accumulated rapidly in all tissues, especially the kidney. Kidney uptake increased over time, remaining very high for 24 hr. Ratios of organ to blood concentrations at 2 hr for all organs were 5:1 or greater. Kidney and liver ratios were 84:1 and 20:1, respectively. Analysis of the kidney and liver extracts and urine indicated that slow metabolism occurred. These data suggest that phosphodiester oligonucleotides would have limited therapeutic utility. The stability and organ distribution of the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide imply that such oligonucleotides may have therapeutic potential.