@article {Nishizaki1, author = {Tomoyuki Nishizaki and Toshiyuki Matsuoka and Tamotsu Nomura and Katumi Sumikawa and Tadashi Shiotani and Shigeo Watabe and Mitsunobu Yoshii}, title = {Nefiracetam Modulates Acetylcholine Receptor Currents via Two Different Signal Transduction Pathways}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {1--5}, year = {1998}, doi = {10.1124/mol.53.1.1}, publisher = {American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics}, abstract = {Nootropic agents are proposed to serve as cognition enhancers. The underlying mechanism, however, is largely unknown. The present study was conducted to assess the intracellular signal transduction pathways mediated by the nootropic nefiracetam in the native and mutantTorpedo californica nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Nefiracetam induced a short-term depression of ACh-evoked currents at submicromolar concentrations (0.01{\textendash}0.1 μm) and a long-term enhancement of the currents at micromolar concentrations (1{\textendash}10 μm). The depression was caused by activation of pertussis toxin-sensitive, G protein-regulated, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) with subsequent phosphorylation of the ACh receptors; in contrast, the enhancement was caused by activation of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) and the ensuing PKC phosphorylation of the receptors. Therefore, nefiracetam interacts with PKA and PKC pathways, which may explain a cellular mechanism for the action of cognition-enhancing agents.}, issn = {0026-895X}, URL = {https://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/53/1/1}, eprint = {https://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/53/1/1.full.pdf}, journal = {Molecular Pharmacology} }