TY - JOUR T1 - Correlative Association between<em>N</em>-Methyl-<span class="sc">d</span>-Aspartate Receptor-Mediated Expression of <em>Period</em> Genes in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Phase Shifts in Behavior with Photic Entrainment of Clock in Hamsters JF - Molecular Pharmacology JO - Mol Pharmacol SP - 1554 LP - 1562 DO - 10.1124/mol.58.6.1554 VL - 58 IS - 6 AU - Takahiro Moriya AU - Kazumasa Horikawa AU - Masashi Akiyama AU - Shigenobu Shibata Y1 - 2000/12/01 UR - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/58/6/1554.abstract N2 - Because the rapid induction of Period(Per) genes is associated with the photic entrainment of the biological clock, we examined whetherN-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors were involved in the photic induction of Pergenes in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In situ hybridization observation revealed that light during the early subjective night [circadian time (CT) 13.5] or the late subjective night (CT20) caused an induction of Per1 andPer2 but not Per3 mRNA in the SCN. Photic induction of Per mRNA at CT13.5 was observed especially in the ventrolateral SCN, whereas that at CT20 was more widespread from the ventrolateral to the dorsal SCN. A noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, +MK801, dose-dependently (0.1–5.0 mg/kg) suppressed only the ventrolateral part of Per1 andPer2 mRNA induction by light at CT13.5 or CT20 in the SCN. The suppressive effects of +MK801 on Per mRNA strongly correlated with the attenuating action of this compound on phase shifts by light at both CT13.5 and CT20. A competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, d-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (D-APV), also exhibited inhibitory actions on light (CT20)-induced Per1 and Per2 mRNA expression in the ventrolateral SCN. Furthermore, local injection of NMDA into the SCN resulted in the induction of Per1 andPer2 mRNA in the SCN. Among NMDA receptors, NR2B and NR2C mRNA were expressed in the ventrolateral and dorsal SCN, respectively. These results suggest that the activation of NMDA receptor is a critical step for photic induction of Per1and Per2 transcripts in the SCN, which are linked to a photic behavioral entrainment. ER -