RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Effects of 5′-Alkyl-Benzothiadiazides on (<em>R</em>,<em>S</em>)-α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptor Biophysics and Synaptic Responses
JF Molecular Pharmacology
JO Mol Pharmacol
FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
SP 566
OP 577
DO 10.1124/mol.62.3.566
VO 62
IS 3
A1 Amy C. Arai
A1 Yan-Fang Xia
A1 Markus Kessler
A1 Dean Phillips
A1 Richard Chamberlin
A1 Richard Granger
A1 Gary Lynch
YR 2002
UL http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/62/3/566.abstract
AB Alkyl-substituted benzothiadiazides (BTDs) were tested for their effects on (R,S)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors. In excised patches, the 5′-ethyl derivative “D1” blocked the desensitization of AMPA receptor currents during prolonged application of glutamate (EC50, 36 μM), and it slowed deactivation of responses elicited by 1-ms glutamate pulses greater than 10-fold. [3H]Fluorowillardiine binding to rat synaptic membranes was increased by D1 by a factor of 3.6 (EC50, 17 μM) with a Hill coefficient near 2. In hippocampal slices, the compound reversibly increased excitatory postsynaptic currents and field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) with thresholds around 10 μM. The size of the alkyl substituent influenced both the potency and nature of the drug effect on synaptic currents: 5′-methyl compounds had a 2-fold greater effect on response amplitude than on response duration, whereas 5′-ethyl compounds like D1 caused greater increases in duration than amplitude. In tests with recombinantly expressed AMPA receptor subunits, D1 preferred the glutamate receptor (GluR) subunit GluR4 flip (0.64 μM) over GluR4 flop (5.3 μM); similar affinities but with smaller flip-flop differences were obtained for GluR1 through 3. These results show that D1 and congeners are significantly more potent than the parent compound IDRA-21 and that they differ in two fundamental aspects from cyclothiazide, the most widely studied BTD: 1) D1 markedly increases the agonist affinity of AMPA receptors and 2) it has immediate and large effects on field EPSPs. The large gain in potency conferred by alkyl substitution suggests that the 5′ substituent is in intimate contact with the receptor, with the size of the substituent determining the way in which receptor kinetics is changed.