PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Tomohiko Kanayama
AU  - Naoki Kobayashi
AU  - Satoru Mamiya
AU  - Tsuyoshi Nakanishi
AU  - Jun-ichi Nishikawa
TI  - Organotin Compounds Promote Adipocyte Differentiation as Agonists of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ/Retinoid X Receptor Pathway
AID  - 10.1124/mol.104.008409
DP  - 2005 Mar 01
TA  - Molecular Pharmacology
PG  - 766--774
VI  - 67
IP  - 3
4099  - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/67/3/766.short
4100  - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/67/3/766.full
SO  - Mol Pharmacol2005 Mar 01; 67
AB  - Nuclear receptors play important roles in the maintenance of the endocrine system, regulation of organ differentiation, and fetal development. Endocrine disruptors exert their adverse effects by disrupting the endocrine system via various mechanisms. To assess the effects of endocrine disruptors on nuclear receptors, we developed a high-throughput method for identifying activators of nuclear receptors. Using this system, we found that triphenyltin and tributyltin were activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and retinoid X receptor. Because PPARγ is a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, we assessed the effect of organotin compounds on preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. We found that organotin compounds stimulated differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells as well as expression of adipocyte marker genes.