TY - JOUR T1 - Glabridin Suppresses Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Blocking Sphingosine Kinase Pathway: Implications of Akt, Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase, and Nuclear Factor-κB/Rel Signaling Pathways JF - Molecular Pharmacology JO - Mol Pharmacol SP - 941 LP - 949 DO - 10.1124/mol.105.017442 VL - 69 IS - 3 AU - Jong Soon Kang AU - Yeo Dae Yoon AU - Mi Hwa Han AU - Sang-Bae Han AU - Kiho Lee AU - Ki Hoon Lee AU - Song-Kyu Park AU - Hwan Mook Kim Y1 - 2006/03/01 UR - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/69/3/941.abstract N2 - (R)-4-(3,4-Dihydro-8,8-dimethyl)-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′] dipyran-3yl)-1,3-benzenediol (glabridin) is known to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and cardiovascular protective activities. In the present study, we report the inhibitory effect of glabridin on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Glabridin inhibited THP-1 cell adhesion to HUVECs stimulated by TNF-α and cell surface expression of ICAM-1 in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. The mRNA expression of adhesion molecules, including ICAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin, was also suppressed by glabridin. Further study demonstrated the inhibitory effect of glabridin on nuclear factor (NF)-κB/Rel DNA binding, inhibitory factor-κBα (IκBα), and IκBβ degradation, IκB kinase activation, and p65 nuclear translocation in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. Treatment of a variety of cell lines with glabridin revealed that inhibitory effect of glabridin on NF-κB/Rel activation is not cell type-specific, and both inducible and constitutive NF-κB/Rel activation was suppressed by glabridin treatment. Moreover, TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was blocked by glabridin treatment in HUVECs. Glabridin also suppressed sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-induced cell surface expression and mRNA expression of ICAM-1. Further study demonstrated that TNF-α-induced sphingosine kinase activity was inhibited by glabridin, and the inhibitory effect of glabridin on TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression was reversed by addition of exogenous S1P. Together, our results indicate that the inhibitory effect of glabridin on ICAM-1 expression might be mediated, at least in part, by inhibiting sphingosine kinase pathway and subsequent inhibition of signaling pathways, including Akt, ERK, and NF-κB/Rel signaling pathway. ER -