PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - John A. Allen AU - Jiang Z. Yu AU - Rahul H. Dave AU - Anushree Bhatnagar AU - Bryan L. Roth AU - Mark M. Rasenick TI - Caveolin-1 and Lipid Microdomains Regulate G<sub>s</sub> Trafficking and Attenuate G<sub>s</sub>/Adenylyl Cyclase Signaling AID - 10.1124/mol.109.060160 DP - 2009 Nov 01 TA - Molecular Pharmacology PG - 1082--1093 VI - 76 IP - 5 4099 - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/76/5/1082.short 4100 - http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/76/5/1082.full SO - Mol Pharmacol2009 Nov 01; 76 AB - Lipid rafts and caveolae are specialized membrane microdomains implicated in regulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades. Previous studies have suggested that rafts/caveolae may regulate β-adrenergic receptor/Gαs signaling, but underlying molecular mechanisms are largely undefined. Using a simplified model system in C6 glioma cells, this study disrupts rafts/caveolae using both pharmacological and genetic approaches to test whether caveolin-1 and lipid microdomains regulate Gs trafficking and signaling. Lipid rafts/caveolae were disrupted in C6 cells by either short-term cholesterol chelation using methyl-β-cyclodextrin or by stable knockdown of caveolin-1 and -2 by RNA interference. In imaging studies examining Gαs-GFP during signaling, stimulation with the βAR agonist isoproterenol resulted in internalization of Gαs-GFP; however, this trafficking was blocked by methyl-β-cyclodextrin or by caveolin knockdown. Caveolin knockdown significantly decreased Gαs localization in detergent insoluble lipid raft/caveolae membrane fractions, suggesting that caveolin localizes a portion of Gαs to these membrane microdomains. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin or caveolin knockdown significantly increased isoproterenol or thyrotropin-stimulated cAMP accumulation. Furthermore, forskolin- and aluminum tetrafluoride-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity was significantly increased by caveolin knockdown in cells or in brain membranes obtained from caveolin-1 knockout mice, indicating that caveolin attenuates signaling at the level of Gαs/adenylyl cyclase and distal to GPCRs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that caveolin-1 and lipid microdomains exert a major effect on Gαs trafficking and signaling. It is suggested that lipid rafts/caveolae are sites that remove Gαs from membrane signaling cascades and caveolins might dampen globally Gαs/adenylyl cyclase/cAMP signaling. © 2009 The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics