RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Functional Selectivity in Adrenergic and Angiotensin Signaling Systems
JF Molecular Pharmacology
JO Mol Pharmacol
FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
SP 983
OP 992
DO 10.1124/mol.110.067066
VO 78
IS 6
A1 Chetan B. Patel
A1 Nabila Noor
A1 Howard A. Rockman
YR 2010
UL http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/78/6/983.abstract
AB β-Adrenergic and angiotensin II type 1A receptors are therapeutic targets for the treatment of a number of common human diseases. Pharmacological agents designed as antagonists for these receptors have positively affected the morbidity and mortality of patients with hypertension, heart failure, and renal disease. Antagonism of these receptors, however, may only partially explain the therapeutic benefits of β-blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers given the emerging concept of functional selectivity or biased agonism. This new pharmacological paradigm suggests that multiple signaling pathways can be differentially modified by a single ligand-receptor interaction. This review examines the functional selectivity of β-adrenergic and angiotensin II type 1A receptors with respect to their ability to signal via both G protein-dependent and G protein-independent mechanisms, with a focus on the multifunctional protein β-arrestin. Also highlighted are the concept of “biased signaling” through β-arrestin mediated pathways, the affect of ligand/receptor modification on such biased agonism, and the implications of functional selectivity for the development of the next generation of β-blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers.