NSAID-induced apoptosis and NAG-1 expression
| Conventional NSAIDs | Concentration | NAG-1 mRNA induction | Apoptosis Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| μM | Fold increase | Fold induction | |
| Sulindac | 10–40 | 1.5 | 1.1 ± 0.2 |
| Sulindac sulfone | 100–400 | 1.3 | 1.6 ± 0.1 |
| Sulindac sulfide | 1–50 | 4.6 | 4.3 ± 0.7 |
| Indomethacin | 10–100 | 2.2 | 2.9 ± 0.1 |
| Piroxicam | 200–500 | 1.9 | 1.5 ± 0.1 |
| Diclofenac | 50–200 | 3.7 | 4.0 ± 0.3 |
| Aspirin | 1,000–10,000 | 3.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 |
| Ibuprofen | 100–500 | 2.0 | 1.9 ± 0.4 |
| Sodium salicylate | 1,000–5,000 | 3.0 | 1.8 ± 0.3 |
| Acetaminophen | 10–100 | 0.9 | 0.9 ± 0.2 |
| COX-2 specific inhibitors | |||
| NS-398 | 10–100 | 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
| DFU | 10–100 | 1.0 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
| Celecoxib1-a | 0.01–0.1 | 1.0 | 0.7 ± 0.1 |
| SC-58125 | 10–100 | 5.0 | 3.2 ± 0.2 |
| LM-4101 | 10–100 | 3.0 | 4.1 ± 0.1 |
| LM-4108 | 10–100 | 1.0 | 1.7 ± 0.2 |
| LM-4115 | 10–100 | 1.0 | N.D. |
Each NSAID was tested using at least three different concentrations to measure an increase in NAG-1 mRNA. These data are representative of two independent experiments. The concentration yielding maximal increase in NAG-1 mRNA was used for apoptosis determination. The apoptosis data are reported as mean ± S.D. by PI staining methods (n= 6).
↵1-a This compound was toxic to the HCT-116 cells at micromolar concentrations.
N.D., not determined.