Primers
| ice A (Kidd et al., 2001) | |
| Forward | 5′-GTTGGGTATATCACAATTAT-3′ |
| Reverse | 5′-TTACCCTATTTTCTAGTAGGT-3′ |
| CagA (Yamaoka et al., 1998) | |
| Forward | 5′-ACCCTAGTCGGTAATGGGTTA-3′ |
| Reverse | 5′-GTAATTGTCTAGTTTCGC-3′ |
| hrgA | |
| Forward | 5′-TCTCGTGAAAGAGAATTTCC-3′ |
| Reverse | 5′-TAAGTGTGGGTATATCAATC-3′ |
| hpyIIIR (Ando et al., 2002) | |
| Forward | 5′-CTCATTGCTGTGAGGGAT-3′ |
| Reverse | 5′-TCTTGATAGGATCTTGCG-3′ |
| babA2 (Sheu et al., 2003) | |
| Forward | 5′-CCAAACGAAACAAAAAGCGT-3′ |
| Reverse | 5′-GCTTGTGTAAAAGCCGTCGT-3′ |
| vacA s1a | |
| Forward | 5′-GTCAGCATCACACCGCAAC-3′ |
| Reverse | 5′-CTGCTTGAATGCGCCAAACTTTATC-3′ |
| vacA s2 | |
| Forward | 5′-GCTAACACGCCAAATGATCC-3′ |
| Reverse | 5′-CTCTTAGTGCCTAAAGAAACA-3′ |
| vacA m1 | |
| Forward | 5′-GGCCACAATGCAGTCATGG-3′ |
| Reverse | 5′-CTCTTAGTGCCTAAAGAAACA-3′ |
| vacA m2 (Wang et al., 1998) | |
| Forward | 5′-GGAGCCCCAGGAAACATTG-3′ |
| Reverse | 5′-CATAACTAGCGCCTTGCAC-3′ |