Studies showing arsenic inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
| Arsenic Compound | Treatment | Cell Type | Technique Platform | Pathway Effect | Tissue Type | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaAsO2 | 0–2 μM for 7 days | 3T3-L1 | qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, | Inactivation of AKT | Adipocytes | Xue et al. (2011) |
| As2O3 | 0–10 μM for 48 h or 5 μM for up to 72 h | SW1353 | MTT, Western blotting, cell viability, clone formation, apoptosis, immunofluorescence, | Inactivation of AKT and mTOR | Chondrosarcoma | Jiao et al. (2015) |
| As4O6 | 1 μM for 48 h | SW620 | Cell viability, ROS generation, cell cycle, nuclear staining, Western blotting, inhibitors assay | Decreased PI3K/AKT | Colorectal cancer | Nagappan et al. (2017) |
| As2O3 | 0–16 μM for 24 h | SGC-7901 | Cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, Western blotting | Inactivation of AKT | Gastric cancer | Gao et al. (2014) |
| As2O3 | 3 mg/kg for 7 days | Male Wistar rats | Histologic analysis, Western blotting | Inactivation of PI3K and AKT | Liver | Zhang et al. (2017) |
| NA | NA | U937 | NA | Inactivation of AKT | Myeloid cancer | Choi et al. (2002) |
| As2O3 | 1 μM for NB4 and 4 μM for THP1 cells for 4 h | NNA, B4, THP1 | Flow cytometry, cell proliferation, viability, apoptosis, necrosis, ROS and GSH level, immunoblotting | ATO alone has no effect on AKT, only with 2-DG (2-deoxy-d-glucose) | Myeloid cancer | Estañ et al. (2012) |
| As2O3 | 1 μM for 24 h in NB4 cells and 10 μM for 16 h in MGC803 cells | NB4 and MGC803 | Cell viability, cell cycle, Western blotting | Inactivation of PI3K and AKT | Gastric and myeloid cancer | Li et al. (2009) |
| As2S2 | 3.02–13.06 μM for 24 or 48 h treatment | 143B, MG-63, U-2OS, and HOS | Cell viability, clone formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, human osteosarcoma xenograft, Western blotting, ROS generation | Inactivation of AKT and mTOR | Osteosarcoma | Wang et al. (2017) |
| As2O3 | 3 μM for 48 h | B-CLL | Cell apoptosis, ROS, Western blotting | Inactivation of PI3K and AKT | Peripheral blood | Redondo-Muñoz et al. (2010) |
ATO, arsenic trioxide; B-CLL, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia; GSH, glutathione; NA, not applicable; qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.