Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Regular ArticleR(+)-Methanandamide Induces Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Human Neuroglioma Cells via a Non-cannabinoid Receptor-Mediated Mechanism☆
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2007, Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsCitation Excerpt :Further support for this assumption may be derived from our finding that exogenous PGE2 did not reduce COX-2 expression, but rather increased COX-2 protein levels in H4 cells. Interestingly, anandamide as well as its hydrolysis-stable analog, R(+)-methanandamide, both having structural similarities with alkamides, have previously been shown to cause upregulation of COX-2 expression through a mechanism involving increased ceramide synthesis and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases [10–13]. However, in both cases induction of COX-2 expression was associated with increased COX-2 activity resulting in enhanced levels of PGE2 in cell culture supernatants.
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Abbreviations used: COX, cyclooxygenase; cAMP, adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; HRP, horseradish peroxidase; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; PG, prostaglandin; Δ9-THC, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
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