Regular ArticleMuscarinic Receptor Antagonists
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Autonomic Dysfunction and Neurohormonal Disorders in Atrial Fibrillation
2021, Cardiac Electrophysiology ClinicsCitation Excerpt :These promising results in a relevant animal model pave the way for clinical trials with patients with AF. The main limitation of pharmacologic autonomic blockade is the absence of an effective strategy to target the parasympathetic nervous system, as high sequence homology between all isoforms of muscarinic receptors (M1–M5) makes difficult the development of highly selective M2 inhibitors.37,38 In the absence of effective small molecule inhibitors of parasympathetic signaling, more “indirect” strategies of autonomic modulation have been investigated, which are reviewed in the following section.
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