Effects of triphenyltin chloride and five other organotin compounds on the development of imposex in the rock shell, Thais clavigera

doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(96)00093-0

Environmental Pollution

Volume 95, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 85-91

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(96)00093-0 Get rights and content

Abstract

The imposex promotion activities of six organotin compounds—tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT), monobutyltin (MBT), triphenyltin (TPT), diphenyltin (DPT) and monophenyltin (MPT)—were examined by injection experiments with the rock shell, Thais clavigera (Prosobranchia; Muricidae). TPT and TBT had strong effects on the development of imposex in the rock shell (p < 0.001). The other organotin compounds (DBT, MBT, DPT and MPT) had no or less effects on the development of imposex in T. clavigera. The difference between the effects of TPT and TBT was statistically insignificant (p > 0.01). The effects of these compounds are estimated, from the relationships between TBT or TPT concentration in tissue and mean penis length of females after injections, to be approximately the same.

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Cited by (227)

Organotins in a food web from the Three Gorges Reservoir, China: Trophic enrichment and potential health risk
2022, Science of the Total Environment
Triphenyltin (TPhT) and tributyltin (TBT) remain widely present in various aquatic environments despite restrictions on their use in many countries for many years. The biomagnification of these compounds in the aquatic food web remains controversial. This study reports the bioaccumulation of TPhT and TBT in aquatic animals in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), a deep-water river channel-type reservoir and the largest reservoir in China. We measured TPhT, TBT and their metabolites in 2 invertebrates, 27 fish and the aquatic environment. The logarithmic bioaccumulation factors of TPhT and TBT were 4.37 and 3.77, respectively, indicating that TPhT and TBT were enriched in organisms of the TGR. Both TPhT and TBT concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with trophic level, with trophic magnification factors of 3.71 and 3.63, respectively, indicating that TPhT and TBT exhibited similar trophic enrichment in the freshwater food web of the TGR. The results of health risk assessment showed that although all hazard index (HI) values were <1, more attention should be paid to the health risk to children associated with consumption of aquatic products (HI = 0.67). This study provides powerful evidence of trophic enrichment of TPhT and TBT in a freshwater food web in a deep-water river channel-type reservoir and provides valuable data regarding organotins in aquatic animals in the TGR.
The organotin triphenyltin disrupts cholesterol signaling in mammalian ovarian steroidogenic cells through a combination of LXR and RXR modulation
2022, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Organotins, a chemical family with over 30 congeners to which humans are directly exposed to through food consumption, are a chemical class widely used as stabilizers in polyvinyl chloride, and biocides in antifouling products. Aside from tributyltin (TBT), toxicological information on other organotin congeners, such as triphenyltin (TPT), remains scarce. Our previous work has demonstrated that TBT can interfere with cholesterol trafficking in steroidogenic cells. Given their structural similarities, we hypothesized that TPT, similar to TBT, disrupts intracellular cholesterol transport and impairs steroidogenesis in ovarian theca cells. To test this, human and ovine primary ovarian theca cells were isolated, purified and exposed to TPT at environmentally relevant doses (1 or 10 ng/ml) in pre-luteinized (48 h exposure) or luteinizing cells (72 h exposure). Intracellular cholesterol levels, progesterone, and testosterone secretion and gene expression of nuclear receptors, cholesterol transporters, and steroidogenic enzymes were evaluated. In ovine cells, TPT upregulated StAR, ABCA1, and SREBF1 mRNA and ABCA1 protein in both pre-luteinized and luteinized stages. TPT did not alter intracellular cholesterol or testosterone synthesis, but upregulated progesterone production. Inhibitor and shRNA knockdown approaches were then used to evaluate the role of retinoid X receptor (RXR) and liver X receptor (LXR) on TPT's effects. TPT upregulated ABCA1 and StAR expression was blocked by both LXR and RXR antagonists. TPT's effect on ABCA1 expression was reduced in LXRβ and RXRβ knockdown theca cells. Similar findings were obtained with primary human theca cells. No synergistic effect of TBT and TPT was observed. In conclusion, at an environmentally relevant dose, TPT upregulates theca cell cholesterol transporter ABCA1 expression via RXR and LXR pathways. Similar effects of TPT on human and sheep theca cells supports its conserved mechanism across mammalian theca cells.
Alleviation of tributyltin-induced toxicity by diet and microplastics in the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus
2021, Journal of Hazardous Materials
To determine the effects of tributyltin (TBT) upon multiple exposures of diet and microplastic in rotifer, in vivo life parameters were measured. In 10 μg/L TBT-exposed rotifer, the 1 and 0.5 x diet groups resulted in reproduction reduction. However, 10 x diet treatment showed no significant changes in the total fecundity, despite a decrease in daily reproduction. Besides, differences in the lifespan were observed in response to different diet regimens. TBT and/or MP-exposed parental rotifer (F0) showed a significant delay in the pre-reproductive day under 0.5 x diet regimen. In all dietary regimens, exposure to TBT and MP induced an increase in reactive oxygen species, but antioxidant activities were perturbed. To further verify the carryover effect of TBT toxicity, progeny rotifer (F1) obtained from 24 h TBT and/or MP-exposed F0 was used. Interestingly, the faster hatching rate was observed only in F1 obtained from 1 x diet regimen-exposed F0. However, in the 0.5 x diet, the total fecundity was reduced and the pattern of the daily reproduction was collapsed. Thus, the toxicity of TBT can be alleviated by MP and nutrition status, but TBT-induced toxicity and its carryover effect are inevitable.
In-situ hydrogen peroxide synthesis with environmental applications in bioelectrochemical systems: A state-of-the-art review
2021, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is a versatile, eco-friendly, strong oxidizing chemical with numerous industrial applications. It is found that bioelectrochemical system (BES) is a promising technology for H₂O₂ biosynthesis including microbial fuel cell (MFC) and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), generally. Since first discovery of H₂O₂ production in BES in 2009, a growing community of researchers payed attention to on-site H₂O₂ production and environmental applications based on BESs. In this review, we discussed the state-of-the-art development, performance and environmental applications of H₂O₂-BES in detail. The H₂O₂-BES has been getting more and more energy-saving even turning “waste” into wealth completely without other energy input. Moreover, coupling the H₂O₂-BESs with Fenton and ultraviolet/visible light is extensively employed for environmental applications, ranging from dye decolorization, metal deposition, emerging contaminants, real wastewater and primary sludge treatment in lab-scale. However, the pilot- or industrial-scale applications of BESs are challenging enough in environmental remediation up to now.
Tissue distribution of triphenyltin compounds in marine teleost fishes
2021, Journal of Hazardous Materials
Continuous release of the highly toxic triphenyltin compounds (TPT) from antifouling paints and fungicides has caused serious pollution to urbanized coastal marine environments worldwide since the 1960s. Using gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC–MS), this study investigated the distribution profile of TPT in 15 types of tissues of four marine teleost fish species collected from Hong Kong waters. Concentrations of TPT in various tissues had a significant positive correlation with protein contents in the tissues (r = 0.346, p < 0.001) and, to a lesser extent with lipid contents (r = 0.169, p = 0.020). Highest concentrations of TPT were consistently found in liver, ranging from 1074.9 to 3443.7 ng/g wet weight; whereas fish scales always contained the least concentration of TPT in all species, ranging from 10.4 to 48.5 ng/g wet weight. Through mass balance models and regression analyses, muscle tissues were found to contribute most to the total TPT body burden, and the average TPT concentration of both dorsal and ventral muscles was identified as the best predictor for estimating TPT burden in the entire fish. Hence, further investigations of bioaccumulation and biomagnification of TPT in fishes should adopt this modelling approach in estimating its total body burden in individual fish.
Triphenyltin chloride reduces the development of rat adrenal cortex during puberty
2020, Food and Chemical Toxicology
Triphenyltin has been classified as an endocrine disruptor. However, whether triphenyltin interferes with the adrenal glands during puberty remains unknown. Here, we reported the effects of triphenyltin on the adrenal glands in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (age of 35 days) were orally administered with 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg/day triphenyltin for 18 days. Triphenyltin significantly lowered corticosterone levels at 1 and 2 mg/kg and adrenocorticotropic hormone at 2 mg/kg. The RNA-Seq analysis detected multiple differentially expressed genes. Four down-regulated genes were transcription factor genes (Nr4a1, Nr4a2, Nr4a3, and Ppard), which might be associated with the suppression of the adrenal cortex function. RNA-seq and qPCR showed that triphenyltin dose-dependently down-regulated the expression of the genes for cholesterol transport and biosynthesis, including Scarb1, Ldlr, Hmgcs1, Hmgcr, and Hsd17b7. Further Western blotting revealed that it lowered NR4A1, PPRAD, LDLR, and HMGCS1 protein levels. We treated H295R adrenal cells with 1–100 nM triphenyltin for 72 h. Triphenyltin induced significant higher ROS production at 100 nM and did not induce apoptosis at 10 and 100 nM. In conclusion, triphenyltin inhibits production of corticosterone via blocking the expression of cholesterol uptake transporters and cholesterol biosynthesis.

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Environmental Pollution

Abstract

References (15)

The decline of the gastropod Nucella lapillus around south-west England: evidence for the effect of tributyltin from anti-fouling paints

J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK

Comparison of the effectiveness of tri-n-butyltin chloride and five other organotin compounds in promoting the development of imposex in the dog-whelk Nucella lapillus

J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK

Uptake, tissue distribution and metabolism of ¹⁴C-labelled tributyltin (TBT) in the dog-whelk Nucella lapillus

J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK

A summary for environmental pollution surveys by chemicals in 1988

Chemicals in the Environment

A summary for environmental pollution surveys by chemicals in 1990

Chemicals in the Environment

Cited by (227)

Organotins in a food web from the Three Gorges Reservoir, China: Trophic enrichment and potential health risk

The organotin triphenyltin disrupts cholesterol signaling in mammalian ovarian steroidogenic cells through a combination of LXR and RXR modulation

Alleviation of tributyltin-induced toxicity by diet and microplastics in the marine rotifer Brachionus koreanus

In-situ hydrogen peroxide synthesis with environmental applications in bioelectrochemical systems: A state-of-the-art review

Tissue distribution of triphenyltin compounds in marine teleost fishes

Triphenyltin chloride reduces the development of rat adrenal cortex during puberty

Effects of triphenyltin chloride and five other organotin compounds on the development of imposex in the rock shell, Thais clavigera

Abstract

The decline of the gastropod Nucella lapillus around south-west England: evidence for the effect of tributyltin from anti-fouling paints

J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK

Comparison of the effectiveness of tri-n-butyltin chloride and five other organotin compounds in promoting the development of imposex in the dog-whelk Nucella lapillus

J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK

Uptake, tissue distribution and metabolism of 14C-labelled tributyltin (TBT) in the dog-whelk Nucella lapillus

J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK

A summary for environmental pollution surveys by chemicals in 1988

Chemicals in the Environment

A summary for environmental pollution surveys by chemicals in 1990

Chemicals in the Environment

Uptake, tissue distribution and metabolism of ¹⁴C-labelled tributyltin (TBT) in the dog-whelk Nucella lapillus