We studied the binding of [(3)H]-epibatidine and [(125)I-]alpha-bungarotoxin, as well as subunit-specific antibodies with purified B lymphocytes of C57Bl/6J mice and found that these cells contained 12,200+/-3200 of alpha4(alpha5)beta2 and 3130+/-750 of alpha7(alpha5beta4) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors per cell. According to flow cytometry data, the highest expression of alpha4(alpha5)beta2 receptors was observed in immature newly generated B lymphocytes of the bone marrow, while the number of alpha7(alpha5beta4) receptors grew up along with the B cell maturation in the spleen. By using alpha4, beta2 or alpha7 knockout and chimera mice, it was shown that both receptor subtypes supported the survival of B cell precursors and increased the size of B-lymphocyte population in the bone marrow. In contrast, propagation of mature B lymphocytes in the spleen was controlled by alpha7-containing subtype only. Moreover, mature B lymphocytes became sensitive to nicotine only in the absence of beta2-containing receptors. Knockout mice had less serum IgG, IgG-producing cells and natural IgG antibodies than their wild-type counterparts, while the absence of beta2-containing receptors resulted in increased B-lymphocyte activation and antibody immune response. The data obtained indicate that nicotinic receptors are involved in regulating B-lymphocyte development and activation, possibly, by affecting expression and/or signaling of CD40, the two subtypes playing different roles.