Oxysterols direct immune cell migration via EBI2

Nature. 2011 Jul 27;475(7357):524-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10280.

Abstract

Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2, also known as GPR183) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that is required for humoral immune responses; polymorphisms in the receptor have been associated with inflammatory autoimmune diseases. The natural ligand for EBI2 has been unknown. Here we describe the identification of 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (also called 7α,25-OHC or 5-cholesten-3β,7α,25-triol) as a potent and selective agonist of EBI2. Functional activation of human EBI2 by 7α,25-OHC and closely related oxysterols was verified by monitoring second messenger readouts and saturable, high-affinity radioligand binding. Furthermore, we find that 7α,25-OHC and closely related oxysterols act as chemoattractants for immune cells expressing EBI2 by directing cell migration in vitro and in vivo. A critical enzyme required for the generation of 7α,25-OHC is cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H). Similar to EBI2 receptor knockout mice, mice deficient in CH25H fail to position activated B cells within the spleen to the outer follicle and mount a reduced plasma cell response after an immune challenge. This demonstrates that CH25H generates EBI2 biological activity in vivo and indicates that the EBI2-oxysterol signalling pathway has an important role in the adaptive immune response.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibody Formation / immunology
  • B-Lymphocytes
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Movement / drug effects
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
  • Gene Expression Regulation / immunology
  • Humans
  • Hydroxycholesterols / chemistry
  • Hydroxycholesterols / pharmacology*
  • Liver / chemistry
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Receptors, Cell Surface / immunology*
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  • Sheep
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology

Substances

  • GPR183 protein, human
  • Hydroxycholesterols
  • Receptors, Cell Surface
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  • 7,25-dihydroxycholesterol