Vaccination against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection requires candidate
antigen(s) (Ag) capable of inducing an effective, broad, and long-lasting immune response …

Inflammatory cytokines (IC) activate endothelial cell adhesiveness for monocytes and inhibit
endothelial cell growth. Here we report the identification of the human guanylate binding …

Vaccination of cynomolgus monkeys with the biologically active HIV-1 Tat protein induces
specific Th1 responses, including CTLs. Similar responses are also induced by vaccination …

Transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 is controlled by the cooperation
of virally encoded and host regulatory proteins. The Tat protein is essential for viral replication…

Tat, the transactivator of HIV-1 gene expression, is released by acutely HIV-1-infected T-cells
and promotes adhesion, migration, and growth of inflammatory cytokine-activated …

Vaccination with a biologically active Tat protein or tat DNA contained infection with the highly
pathogenic SHIV89.6P virus, preventing CD4 T-cell decline and disease onset. Here we …

Use of Env in HIV vaccine development has been disappointing. Here we show that, in the
presence of a biologically active Tat subunit vaccine, a trimeric Env protein prevents in …

Tat is an early regulatory protein that plays a major role in human HIV-1 replication and AIDS
pathogenesis, and therefore, it represents a key target for the host immune response. In …

The Tat protein is the transcriptional activator of HIV-1 gene expression, which is not only
essential for viral replication, but also important in the complex HIV-induced pathogenesis of …

A major requirement for HIV/AIDS research is the development of a mucosal vaccine that
stimulates humoral and cell‐mediated immune responses at systemic and mucosal levels, …