Nicotine is the principal addictive component that drives continued tobacco use despite
users' knowledge of the harmful consequences. The initiation of addiction involves the …

Transcripts for the β2 and the β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits are found
throughout the CNS and the peripheral nervous system. These two β subunits can form …

An aversive abstinence syndrome manifests 4–24 h following cessation of chronic use of
nicotine-containing products. Symptoms peak on approximately the 3rd day and taper off over …

In developed countries, tobacco use is estimated to be the largest single cause of premature
death [Lancet 339 (1992) 1268]. Nicotine is the main addictive component of tobacco that …

1 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserv ed. perspective 514 volume 43| number 6| june 2011|
NATURE GENETICS region if a similar association was found in this population, as the …

The α7 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is abundantly
expressed in hippocampus and is implicated in modulating neurotransmitter release and in …

Smoking decreases appetite, and smokers often report that they smoke to control their
weight. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the anorexic effects of …

In humans, tobacco withdrawal produces symptoms that contribute to the difficulty associated
with smoking cessation. Nicotine withdrawal symptoms can also be observed in rodents. A …

The α3 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is widely expressed in
autonomic ganglia and in some parts of the brain. The α3 subunit can form heteromultimeric ion …

Withdrawal from chronic exposure to nicotine, the main addictive component of tobacco,
produces distinctive symptoms in humans. The appearance of these symptoms is a major …