The diversity of endosymbiotic bacteria that kill male host offspring during embryogenesis
and their frequencies in certain groups of host taxa suggest that the evolution of male killing …

Mutations are the source of genetic variation and the substrate for evolution. Genome-wide
mutation rates appear to be affected by selection and are probably adaptive. Mutation rates …

The fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici possesses a large complement of accessory
chromosomes showing presence/absence polymorphism among isolates. These …

Barley mlo mutants are well known for their profound resistance against powdery mildew
disease. Recently, mlo mutant plants were generated in hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum …

The ability to rapidly adapt to changing environments is crucial for the success of pathogens
infecting plants and animals. In some eukaryotic pathogens, rapid evolution can be …

Ceramide kinase (CerK) produces the bioactive lipid ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) and
appears as a key enzyme for controlling ceramide levels. In this study, we discovered and …

DNA methylation is found throughout all domains of life, yet the extent and function of DNA
methylation differ among eukaryotes. Strains of the plant pathogenic fungus Zymoseptoria …

Background Antagonistic co-evolution can drive rapid adaptation in pathogens and shape
genome architecture. Comparative genome analyses of several fungal pathogens revealed …

This study conducts a systematic literature review to elucidate key themes in the convergence
of technology and early childhood education, with a specific focus on the SEEDS …

Pathogens represent a universal threat to other living organisms. Most organisms express
antimicrobial proteins and peptides, such as lysozymes, as a protection against these …