Human colonic epithelial cell renewal, proliferation, and differentiation are stringently
controlled by numerous regulatory pathways. To identify genetic programs of human colonic …

Background & Aims: A prominent role for inhibitory molecules PD-L1 and PD-L2 in
peripheral tolerance has been proposed. However, the phenotype and function of PD-L–expressing …

The subepithelial intestinal myofibroblast is an important cell orchestrating many diverse
functions in the intestine and is involved in growth and repair, tumorigenesis, inflammation, and …

Context.—Myofibroblasts are distinct cells with characteristics of both smooth muscle cells
and fibroblasts. Through their ability to secrete cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins, growth …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are regulated by the mesenchymal
environment via physical interaction and diffusible factors. We examined the role of Indian …

The human gastrointestinal mucosa is exposed to a diverse normal microflora and dietary
Ags and is a common site of entry for pathogens. The mucosal immune system must respond …

The serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor (5-HT 2A R) and 5-HT 2C R localize to the brain and share
overlapping signal transduction facets that contribute to their roles in cognition, mood, …

Prostaglandins (PG) are produced throughout the gastrointestinal tract and are critical
mediators for a complex array of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes in the intestine. …

Elevated mucosal interleukin-1 (IL-1) levels are frequently seen during acute and chronic
intestinal inflammation, and IL-1 neutralization lessens the severity of inflammation. One major …

Background & Aims:Helicobacter pylori infection causes inflammation, accumulation of
reactive oxygen species, and oxidative DNA damage in the gastric mucosa. Apurinic/apyrimidinic …