The kidney plays a vital role in the body's defense against potentially toxic xenobiotics and
metabolic waste products through elimination pathways. In particular, secretory transporters …

Allopurinol is the drug most widely used to lower the blood concentrations of urate and,
therefore, to decrease the number of repeated attacks of gout. Allopurinol is rapidly and …

This white paper provides updated International Transporter Consortium (ITC) recommendations
on transporters that are important in drug development following the 3 rd ITC workshop. …

Background Informed consent is often cited as the “cornerstone” of research ethics. Its intent
is that participants enter research voluntarily, with an understanding of what their …

Objective Allopurinol, an antihyperuricaemic agent, is one of the common causes of life-threatening
severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR), including drug rash with eosinophilia …

Interindividual variation in response to metformin, first‐line therapy for type 2 diabetes, is
substantial. Given that transporters are determinants of metformin pharmacokinetics, we …

Kidney disease is an increasingly common comorbidity that alters the pharmacokinetics of
many drugs. Prescribing to patients with kidney disease requires knowledge about the drug, …

Metformin, the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drug, requires transporters to enter
tissues involved in its pharmacologic action, including liver, kidney, and peripheral tissues. …

A change in pharmacokinetics can alter drug exposure and predispose the patient to either
over-or underdosing, potentially resulting in adverse drug reactions or therapeutic failure. …

Many important drugs exhibit substantial variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
leading to a loss of the desired clinical outcomes or significant adverse effects. …