Orexins are peptides produced by lateral hypothalamic neurons that exert a prominent role
in the maintenance of wakefulness by activating orexin-1 (OX1R) and orexin-2 (OX2R) …

Members of the α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) subtype of
ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate the majority of fast synaptic transmission within the …

Lactic acid is a well known metabolic by-product of intense exercise, particularly under anaerobic
conditions. Lactate is also a key source of energy and an important metabolic substrate…

Orexins (OXs) are peptides produced by perifornical (PeF) and lateral hypothalamic neurons
that exert a prominent role in arousal-related processes, including stress. A critical role for …

Dual orexin receptor antagonists have been shown to promote sleep in various species,
including humans. Emerging research indicates that selective orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) …

GPR139 is an orphan G-protein–coupled receptor expressed in the central nervous system.
To identify its physiologic ligand, we measured GPR139 receptor activity from recombinant …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of large arteries in which lesion
development preferentially occurs at vessel sites exposed to rapid changes in flow. We have …

In accordance with the prominent role of orexins in the maintenance of wakefulness via
activation of orexin-1 (OX1R) and orexin-2 (OX2R) receptors, various dual OX1/2R antagonists …

Orexin neurons originating in the perifornical and lateral hypothalamic area are highly reactive
to anxiogenic stimuli and have strong projections to anxiety and panic-associated circuitry…

Prolonged stress results in elevation of glucocorticoid (GC) hormones, which can have
deleterious effects in the brain. The hippocampus, which has a high concentration of …