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Antieosinophilic Activity of Orazipone

The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland (H.K., P.I., X.Z., E.M.); the Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (X.Z.); Department of Respiratory Medicine (H.K.) and Research Unit (E.M.), Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; and OrionPharma Ltd., Espoo, Finland (E.N.)

Orazipone is a novel sulfhydryl-reactive compound that has been previously shown to reduce lung eosinophilia in guinea pigs and rats and to inhibit degranulation in mast cells and cytokine production in monocytes and T-cells. However, the effects of orazipone on granulocyte longevity are unknown. Orazipone and its derivative 3-(4-chloro-3-nitro-benzylidene)-pentane-2,4-dione (OR-2370) reversed interleukin-5-afforded survival of human eosinophils by inducing apoptosis. In contrast, orazipone did not affect granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor-induced survival of human neutrophils. The effect of orazipone on eosinophil apoptosis is different from that of glucocorticoids in that even high con-centrations of interleukin-5 were not able to overcome the effect of orazipone. Orazipone further enhanced spontaneous apoptosis as well as that induced by CD95 ligation without inducing primary necrosis. OR-2370-induced DNA fragmentation was shown to be dependent on caspases 3 and 6 and c-jun-N-terminal kinase, whereas extracellular regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase as well as caspases 4, 8, and 9 seem not to mediate its actions. Our results suggest that orazipone and its derivative OR-2370 possess strong antieosinophilic activity and thus may have anti-inflammatory efficacy in the treatment of asthma and/or allergic conditions.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Hannu Kankaanranta, The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Medical School/B, FIN-33014 University of Tampere, Finland. E-mail: blhaka{at}uta.fi

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